【作者】 李明；

【导师】 刘应宗；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国城市人口增加和经济发展,城市水的供需矛盾不断加剧。如何对城市用水实施有效管理,实现城市水良性循环和可持续利用,成为普遍关注的重大问题之一。本文把城市用水分为城市生活用水和城市生产用水,分别进行了需求结构分析,包括水质需求和水量需求的分析两部分。通过对水质和水量需求的分析,提出了城市工业生产和城市生活各类用水的合理水质和水量需求。运用经济学供求关系原理按照城市生活用水和城市生产用水分别进行了影响因素分析,通过建立需求函数和需求弹性分析对影响水质和水量合理需求的各种因素的敏感性进行了分析,从管理的角度提出了影响城市水需求的主要因素为城市供水体制、水价格体系。提出了水质需求管理策略——城市污水资源化和分质供水。探讨了污水资源化的意义、可行性、回用对象及其存在的问题和我国应采取的对策。对分质供水的内涵、意义、可行性及不同的分质供水模式进行了分析探讨,结合我国的实际,提出了我国的城市分质供水的新思路。提出了水量需求管理策略——定额管理和水价格管理。分析了用水定额制定的意义及其制定原则,并分别对工业生产和生活用水定额的制定方法进行了探讨。探讨了合理水价格的形成机制,对合理水价格体系内容、价格构成、不同水质的水价格差价和比价关系、两部制水价的构成和季节水价等提出了新的思路。探讨了居民生活用水的阶梯式水价及阶梯水量。更多还原

【Abstract】 With urban population increasing and economy developing, conflict betweensupply and demand of urban water becomes more and more intensive. How toimplement effective management towards urban water so as to arrive at urban waterbeneficial recycle and sustainable utility becomes a significant problem considered byall over the world. This paper classified urban water into urban domestic water andurban industry water at first, then analyzed the structure of water demand respectively,including quality demand analysis and quantity demand analysis. Through an analysisof water quality and water quantity demand, the paper has put forward the rationaldemand of water quality and quantity for the industrial production and all kinds ofurban life.This paper used the supply-demand relationship principle of economics toanalyze the influence factors according to urban domestic water and urban industrialwater respectively. The sensitiveness of different factors which influenced rationaldemand of water quality and quantity was analyzed by establishing demand functionand demand elasticity analysis, and the main factor of influencing the urban waterdemand,that is, urban water supply system and rational water pricing system was putforward from the point of management.This paper has put forward the management tactics of water quality demand bymeans of the recycle treatment of the municipal sewage and Supplying wateraccording to different quality. After studying on the meaning, feasibility, user, existingproblem and countermeasure of sewage recycle treatment in our country, the paperdiscussed intension, meaning, feasibility ,different mode of supply water according toquality, and brought forward the new thought of supplying water by different qualityin the city of our country combining the reality of our country.This paper has brought forward the management tactics of water quantitydemand, that is, water quotas management and water price control. On the one hand,the paper studied on the meaning of water quotas, the principle of water quotas, quotaformulation method of domestic water and industrial production water respectively.On the other hand, After discussing the forming mechanism of the rational water price,the paper brought forward the new thought of rational water pricing system, pricestructure, the relationship for different water quality price exchange rate, andcomposition of the water price of two systems and season water price etc, andresearched into the ladder water quantity and ladder water price of the residentdomestic water.更多还原