【作者】 张敬；

【导师】 姜斌；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 化学工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 电镀行业的废水量在整个工业系统废水中虽然所占比重较小,但电镀废水含有氰化物、酸、碱以及六价铬、铜、镍、锌、镉等金属污染物,对环境有严重的危害,因此,国内外对这类废水积极的展开了治理方法的研究与应用。本文在吸取微电解和生物吸附处理重金属离子废水的优点以及已有实验对单一重金属离子废水进行处理的基础上,确定了使用微电解—生物膜复合工艺对实际电镀废水进行处理。本文首先介绍了活性污泥中混合微生物菌落的培养、驯化及挂膜流程,同时对培养及驯化菌落的外观形态及内部结构进行了电镜分析,测定了混合菌群的生长曲线,并应用平板计数法对培养期及驯化期混合微生物总活菌数进行了比较。分析单一微电解和生物膜吸附实验处理电镀废水中,选择去除率较高的电极做电解材料,并通过实验确定最佳的废水处理pH值,考虑不同的电极联结方式对于去除的影响。通过对不同初始浓度的吸附等温线的测定,确定达到平衡吸附时刻的时间及最佳处理浓度; 静态吸附过程中考虑温度、pH及生物膜湿重量对吸附反应的影响,确定最佳吸附条件。复合工艺处理中,将间歇与连续处理方法、循环反应与单一生物膜流程处理进行比较。选择最佳的电镀废水处理方式,并由实验结果确定了两种电极材料下循环反应流程中最佳的循环废水量以及微生物膜经预先弱电场驯化、连续流程中是否需补充培养液等问题。最后对于静态吸附实验中单组分、二组分竞争吸附等温以及吸附的动力学方程进行了探讨。结果表明,Cr6+和Zn2+两种金属离子的单一吸附等温过程以及二元离子共存体系均与Langmuir方程具有较好的拟合度。对国内外文献数据尚未验证的四种动力学方程进行拟合,说明在本实验中选择的浓度范围下的四种动力学方程其各项相关系数均较高,且差异不明显,均可满足实际二元的吸附过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 The plating wastewater with cyanide, acid, alkali and heavy metal ions such as chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, cadmium etc. has appeared to be environmental serious damage despite its small quantity proportion in all through the industrial wastewater. For the moment, the research and application of the wastewater treatment has commenced forwardly in domestic and overseas. In this paper, a novel micro-electro-biofilm complex technology to dispose industrial plating wastewater was adopted based on its advantage of micro-electrolysis and biofilm adsorption and experiment data already be done by the same technology. First, the mixed bacteria were cultivated, domesticated and then put into biofilm training device. To observe the surface configuration and internal structure of cultivated and domesticated bacteria, the SEM and TEM analysis have been carried out. Meanwhile the growth curve measure has been done and applying the counting bacterium process to compare the bacteric quantity of cultivated and domesticated period. In the experiment of analyzing single electrolysis and biofilm process, selecting such plate as electrode material that has the high removal rate, and different electrode coupling manner was also taken into account. By determining the adsorption isotherm of different concentration, the steady adsorptive time and optimal concentration have been confirmed. In the experiment, the test of adsorptive factors such as temperature, pH and biomass was carried out to find out the optimal adsorptive condition. Comparisons of interim and continuous operation, circular complex process and single biofilm process have been analyzed in combined process. The intention is to decide the better treatment operation, and the discussion of the optimal circular wastewater quantity under different electrode material and whether the complex process needs faint electric domestication and accession of nutrition component in the experimental process was separately described in the paper. At last, the adsorptive isotherm and kinetic models of single, binary component in static adsorptive experiment were studied. The results show that the single component (Cr6+ and Zn2+) and binary components adsorptive system according with Langmuir equation very well. Owning to lack of abundant data home and overseas, in the given concentration range, the correlative coefficients of the four kinetic models display the small difference, so searching for the new kinetic equations to serve the actual adsorptive course needs more attention.更多还原