【作者】 程红飞；

【导师】 黄战华； 赵海山；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 光学工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 图像作为信息获取最直接的手段,在近些年得到了广泛的应用,在生活和生产的各个方面的都发挥了重要的作用。图像质量是获取的图像信息的基础,高质量的图像能给信息提取带来很多的便利。但是由于各种环境因素的制约,获取图像的质量一直不能尽如人意,严重的制约了社会经济和技术的发展。本文根据几何光学的基本原理设计了通用光线追迹、成像系统等的算法,最后应用算法分别就平面和空间的光学成像变形进行了研究。本文的研究内容主要包括: 根据几何光学的基本原理-反射和折射规律,推导了用于光线追迹过程中关键的折射光线和反射光线的方向余弦公式,并提出了应用公式的条件,最后对算法的适用性进行了讨论。对实际的光学成像系统进行了简化,提出可以两种成像系统算法。通过对同一物点发出的不同光线在成像系统后的出射光线的分析,提出了搜索最小像点的判断依据。以提高精度和计算速度目的,对光线追迹算法、成像系统算法和最小像点搜索算法的原理上进行了分析,得出了不同算法的优劣; 再从代码编程方面提出了在编程过程中要注意的问题。并简单的介绍了由光学成像算法实现的软件以及对该算法的一些功能的增强从视场角、物距和折射率变化幅度三个方面讨论其分别发生变化时在平面上和空间中实际像点与理想像点的偏差的变化情况,并总结其变化规律,对其中的部分规律进行了简单的推倒和定性的说明。选取物面图像,通过点对点映射的方法,计算并得出四种折射率分布的平面和空间像,从中能够清楚的看出图像产生的畸变。更多还原

【Abstract】 Image has been widely utilized as a way to acquire information directly in late years and has played important roles in every aspect of life. Image quality is the foundation to acquire image information. Image of high quality has some advantages to acquire image information. But the quality of image acquired is not so good, which results in restricting the development of social economy and technology because of the factor of the environments. Some algorithms about general light ray tracing and imaging system have been designed according to the basic principle of geometrical optics. At last, the planar and spatial optics imaging distortion has been researched based on the algorithm. Some researches in this dissertation have been carried out as the following: The formula of direction-cosine applied in refractive light and reflected light in light tracing has been deduced based on the refractive and reflected laws. The applying conditions have been proposed. At last, applicability of the algorithm has been discussed. The practical optical imaging system has been simplified. Two imaging system algorithms have been proposed. The emergent light of image system produced by different lights of the same object has been analyzed. The judgment of searching-least-image-point has been put forward. The principles of light tracing algorithm, image system algorithm and searching-least-image-point algorithm have been analyzed respectively in order to promote the computed precision and speed, the comparison of different algorithm has been obtained. The attention about coding program has emphasized. In addition, the software about optical image system and some functional enhancement have been briefly introduced. The changes of the planar and spatial practical image point and ideal image point have been discussed when the vision field angle, object distance and range of refractive index have changed. Some summarizations have been put forward. Some results have been deduced and given qualitative explain. The planar and spatial images about four kinds of refractive index have been computed, object field image focused on, by the way of point to point mapping. The image aberration has been recognized.更多还原