【作者】 李胜；

【导师】 徐涵秋；

【作者基本信息】 福州大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 当前,城市化进程正在全球范围内以前所未有的速度进行。城市化在给世界带来繁荣和进步的同时,也给全球的生态环境带来了一系列的负面影响。其中,城市气候和水文的变化是城市环境变化的两个主要类型。本次论文以经济发展迅猛的厦门市为例,利用获取的1996年5月17日Landsat 5 TM和2002年9月6日ASTER影像为数据源,以遥感与地理信息系统为手段,开展了城市扩展、土地利用变化、城市热岛效应、城市不透水面信息提取以及地表降雨-径流关系等多方面的专题研究。并对城市热岛、不透水面以及地表径流等与城市热环境较为相关的三个因子进行了重点分析。利用构建的修正后归一化水体指数(MNDWI)、归一化建筑指数(NDBI)和土壤调节植被指数(SAVI)3个指数波段,并通过逻辑运算,实现了城市建成区的准确提取。分析结果显示,从1996年到2002年,厦门市城市建成区面积扩展了46.09km~2。人口增长、经济的飞速发展以及外资的涌入是导致城市扩展的主要原因。利用亮温计算模式反演出了两个年份的热岛分布面积,揭示出厦门市从1996年到2002年城市热岛面积随着城市的扩展增加了23.32km~2。在不透水面信息提取的研究中,利用线性光谱分解法对厦门市中心城区所在的厦门岛不透水面分量进行了提取,不透水面分量呈明显增加趋势,年增加率为5.19%。不透水面的增加,地表降雨-径流关系也随之发生改变。本文利用美国农业部水土保持局的小流域水文模型(SCS模型),对厦门地区地表降雨-径流关系进行了研究,结果表明城市建筑用地面积的增加已导致了研究时段平均径流量增加,地表产流能力加大。研究还发现,随着厦门市城市空间的扩展,区域内部不透水面、地面亮温以及表征地表径流产流能力的径流系数均有明显的增加,三者之间呈明显的线性关系。显然,城市扩展变化是导致城市热环境变化的主要原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the fast development of the global economy, the urbanization has been accelerated all over the world. The urbanization has brought about the benefit to the whole human society, but also resulted in the negative impact on the global eco-enviromental system. Of the negative impact, the changes of urban climate and hydrologic system are two major aspects. Therefore, this thesis aims to study the interaction among various factors, such as urban expansion, landuse change, urban heat island, impervious surface and run-off, with the more concentration on the last three factors which are more closely related to the urban climatic and hydrological system. Xiamen City in SE China was taken as an example for the study. Remotely-sensed data were the major data source, one from a Landsat TM image aquired on May 17, 1996, the other from an ASTER image dated on Sep 6, 2002. The goal was achieved using by the following steps. Firstly, the study extracted the urban built-up area based on an index-drived image composed of Modified Normalized Differences Water Index (MNDWI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) and Normalized Differences Built-up Index (NDBI). The results reveals that the urban built-up area increased by 46.09 km~2 from 1996 to 2002, due largely to population growth, economic development and increasing foreign direct investment. Secondly, urban heat island distribution of the city was revealed by using a brightness temperature calibration model. The result indicates that heat island area has increased by 23.32 km~2, spatially distributed along with the urban expanded areas. Thirdly, impervious surface of the Xiamen Island was extracted by using a linear spectral unmixing model. This reveals that the impervious-surface area has also increased with the urban expansion. The annual increase rate is 5.19%. Acompanied with the impervious surface increase, rainfall and run-off also changed. So fourthy, the SCS (soil conservation service) method was used in this thesis to model the rain-runoff relationship. The result shows that the expansion of the built-up area has caused the increase of average runoff volume. Obviously, the impervious surface, brightness temperature and runoff coefficient all have increased along with the urban expansion. Finally, it can be concluded that the urban expansion is the chief reason for the urban heat environment change of Xiamen City during the study years.更多还原