【作者】 陈晗婧；

【导师】 何少颖；

【作者基本信息】 福州大学 ， 社会学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 偷渡是非法移民活动在中国的俗称。世界非法移民活动始终没有停止,引起许多学者对非法移民问题的关注,国内外都有大量的研究论述,各家各派是从不同的学科角度进行讨论,本文将非法移民的偷渡活动视为越轨行为,将从越轨社会学的亚文化理论视角来探讨福州沿海地区的偷渡问题。福州沿海偷渡活动有着悠久的历史渊源与时代大背景。福州地处东南沿海,从汉代起就作为重要的对外贸易口岸而成为中国对外交往的窗口,虽然明清时期经历了若干次“海禁”仍然阻挡不了福州人出国的脚步。在国际非法移民浪潮与国内出国热的推动下,福州沿海农村地区的人们演绎着非精英群体的跨海大迁移。由于已有的关于偷渡问题的研究中极少有关于偷渡多发地区的专门研究,本文试图对偷渡多发地区由偷渡活动带来的社会问题进行系统的阐述,这个研究方向有着理论与实践上的双重意义。本文运用问卷与访谈相结合的调查方法来收集资料。持续多年的频繁偷渡活动使福州沿海偷渡活动多发地区的社会形成了特有的区域亚文化,在不良的亚文化氛围中产生出许多值得我们关注的社会问题。在微观方面:家庭的结构发生了变化,由此引起家庭成员中夫妻关系问题、老人生活赡养问题、子女的抚养教育与婚恋问题,偷渡带来不就业问题与闲人群体的出现; 在宏观方面:在偷渡亚文化下群体价值观与追求发生了偏差,地方教育随波逐流发生转型,地方权力部门对待偷渡问题存在着矛盾的态度与做法,丰富的民间资金得不到有效地利用、不能成为推动地区发展的动力,基层政府组织勉强维持着权威与职能。本文末尾提出四点对策与建议:通过国际合作开拓正规海外劳务市场,发展教育、提高当地人口素质,政策引导民间资本进行有效的投资利用,营造健康向上的文化氛围与文明环境。希望这些引导性政策作为社会软控制手段辅以社会硬控制手段有助于偷渡亚文化下社会问题的消除以及这些地区的和谐有序。更多还原

【Abstract】 Toudu is Chinese common saying of illegal immigrating. Illegal immigrating in the world has never ceased, so it attracts many scholars’ attentions. There are lots of researches on illegal immigrating problem in and out of China, and it is discussed from each discipline’s perspective. This paper will take illegal immigrating activity as deviant behavior, hence it will be discussed from subculture theory’s perspective of Deviant Sociology. Illegal immigrating activity in Fuzhou’s coastal district has long historical origin and contemporary background. Fuzhou is locating on the southeast coast of China, and has become an important port trading with foreign countries and a window for communication from Han Dynasty. Although experiencing some times’ “forbidden-sailing” during Ming and Qing Dynasty, Fuzhounese have never stopped going abroad. Nowadays pushed by wave of world illegal immigrating and Chinese Overseas Rush, thousands of rural people in coastal district have been migrating to western countries illegally. Because it has rarely seen specialized researches concerning active illegal -immigrating district among existing ones, this paper tries to do a systematic study on social problems caused by illegal immigrating in this area. It has dual meanings on both theoretical and applied domains. The paper is going to employ questionnaires with interview survey method to collect information. Long-lasting and frequent illegal immigrating activities made this area form a special subculture, in which yielded many social problems deserving our concerning. On microscopic side: family structure changed, and it brought on family problems such as husband-wife problem, old men’s problem of supporting and caring, teenagers’ nurturing and marriage problem, moreover it appeared a group of idlers who are unwilling to be employed domestically. On macroscopic side: under the illegal immigrating subculture, people’s outlook on value and pursuit deviated, local education transformed according to circumstances, local authority held a contradictory attitude to treat illegal immigrating problem, abundant folk capital can’t be used effectively and don’t be a motive power of local development, government bottom organization exerts its power reluctantly. Finally this paper gives four pieces of suggestion: setting up official oversea laboring market by international cooperation, developing education and raising local population quality, encouraging folk capital to be invested in economic building by policies, constructing a healthy and civilized cultural environment. Expecting that these directive policies can be as social soft-controlling measures assisting social hard-controlling measures, helping eliminating social problems and make this area more harmonious.更多还原