【作者】 韦鸿雨；

【导师】 熊和平；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 城市规划与设计， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 工业革命及城市化带来“城市病”尤其是严重的城市生态环境问题,损害和降低了城市生态环境质量; 同时城市的发展及人们生活水平的提高对城市生态环境质量提出了高要求。政府在解决城市生态环境质量的供求矛盾中不仅资金短缺,本身也暴露出现行提供模式低效率的一面。因此,有必要探索更加有效提供城市生态环境质量的新途径。本文把城市生态环境质量视为一个公共物品,从城市经营的理念和实践中得到借鉴与启示,认为可以通过城市生态经营来解决城市生态环境质量的供求矛盾。为此,本文研究主要从以下几部分展开: 第一,本文从分析城市环境问题的经济根源、政府职能以及市场机制等出发,寻找进入点,认为城市生态环境质量的提供出现低效率的根本原因在于政府在主导提供过程中其职能未能很好转变以适应市场经济制度的要求与自觉利用市场的优势。因此,从公共选择、委托—代理、公共行政、生态经济、公共物品、产权及外部性等方面阐述了城市生态经营的基础理论。第二,尝试构建了城市生态经营的理论体系。主要通过城市生态经营的概念和内涵、特征与原则、可经营性与实施意义、经营的主客体及手段、经营目标与战略等方面来构建。作者认为城市生态经营的内涵应有广义与狭义之分,本文主要探讨其狭义部分,亦即:在市场经济下,充分发挥政府与市场的作用,通过综合运筹、决策,把现代企业的管理理念、组织体制、运作机制、管理方法等多种要素引入城市生态环境质量的提供领域,将可资本化的城市生态资产投入市场运作; 建立多元化的生态环境质量投融资渠道,盘活城市生态资本存量、引进资本增量,在追求城市经济、社会和环境效益的统一下高效提供城市生态环境质量,满足城市居民的人居环境需要,提高城市竞争力,最终推动城市走生态化发展之路。城市生态经营的主体应该多元化,形成“政府主导-企业主营-社会公众参与”的层级主体结构。经营客体是城市生态环境质量; 经营的手段是政府和市场有机结更多还原

【Abstract】 The industrial revolution and urbanization brought a serious of “urban disease”, especially the urban ecological environment problem, which damaged and reduced the ecological environmental quality of the city seriously. While at the same time, with the development of the city and improvement of people’s living conditions, a higher request to the ecological environmental quality of the city. But in solving the problem of the supply and demand contradiction of the ecological environmental quality of the city, we see not only the government’s shortage of the fund , but also its inefficiency mode . So, it’s necessary to explore a new way for more effective urban ecological environmental quality. I regard the city ecological environmental quality as a public goods, lessons and enlightenment we get from the concept and practice of the city management, think solve the problem of supply and demand contradiction by urban ecological environmental management. So, the argumentation of this thesis is mainly carried out from several following parts: First of all, analyzing the economic origin, government function and market system of the urban environment problems. Now the city ecological environmental quality offered seemed to be low-effective. The basic reason of it is that the government function has not adapted to the economic system and made use of the market advantage consciously during its offering progress. Therefore, I explicated the basic theory of urban ecological management on the following points: public choices, consignation-agent, public administration, ecological economy, public goods, property, external characteristics and so on. Secondly, I try to build the theoretical system of urban ecological management and probed into some matters of it such as concept and intension, characteristic and principle, workability and meaning, main subject /object, means, objective and strategy of management. There are two meaning of urban ecological management, broad sense and narrow sense. And the narrow sense has been probed mainly into in the thesis: under market economy, the government and market should play the role of adjustment fully. By drawing up plans and making policy synthetically, many key element can be introduced into the field of urban ecological environmental quality offer, for example, the idea, organize system, operation mechanism, office procedure of modern enterprise management, and the urban ecological environment assets that can be capitalized should be put into market operation. The government should set up the multi-directional channel for investment and financing of environmental quality, vitalize the ecological stock of capital in the city, and introduce the increment,then offer higher ecological environmental quality to the city high-efficiently under pursuing the unity of urban economy , social and environmental benefit, aim to meet the urbanite’s human environment’s needs, improve the urban competitiveness , and then promote the development of ecological urbanization finally。The subject of urban ecological management should be pluralistic and it should form “government leading-enterprise managing-citizen participation”grade structure. The object is the ecological environmental quality in the city; The means to manage are that the government combines with the market organically; The goal is to offer high-efficient ecological environmental quality in the city, improve the urban competitiveness, and take the road to sustainable development; and making the construction and management of urban ecological environment marketization is the strategy. Thirdly, the subject, the object, mode and mode selection of the urban ecological management have been discussed deeply in the thesis. The research indicated that each subject has its owe advantages and disadvantages, so they should be combined fully and learn from each other. Therefore, the urban ecological environment quality should be subdivided into several concrete subjects to produce. Usually, it can be divided from economy and societ. The core parts of the object are the urban ecological infrastructure, pollution control and environment protection. Government offers, the market offers and the individual offers are three major modes of management, which can be subdivided into smaller modes, forming a mode of "great mode sets of small one ". The mode selection should adapt to the local conditions and have dynamic trends. From three aspects of " should be chosen ", " suitable to be chosen ", " can be chosen”, this article provides some choices for reference. Fourthly, the strategic implementation tactics of urban ecological management has been discussed in the thesis. The operable and realistic tactics are put forward on the following points: the change of the concept, the system reform, systematical management, industry ecology, the public goods subdividing, the corresponding and collaborating, regulations and policies, supervision system, consciousness education, green GDP and so on. For the last point, the feasibility and necessity of urban ecological management has been proved successfully by practice what has also showed the urgency of theoretical research on urban ecological management at the same time. Taking BiFeng Gorge in YaAn city and ShuHe town in the LiJiang city as successful examples of market-based operation, the thesis introduces the operation conditions of each case on the supply and demand contradiction, management of the government and enterprise, operating benefits, etc and analyses it synthetically.更多还原