【作者】 王海华；

【导师】 左停； 刘林；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 种植业， 2005， 硕士

【副题名】以广西灵山县华山农场、新光农场龙眼生产为例

【摘要】 水果是广西重要经济作物,水果业是农民增收的支柱产业之一。经过三十多年的快速发展,水果种植面积已达113.33万hm~2,其中龙眼面积22.1万hm~2,已成为名副其实的水果大省,但由于种种原因,广西并不是水果强省,为此广西于2002年提出“优果工程”战略。在果农是追求自身利益的“有限理性者”的假设下,对果农在龙眼生产中实施“优果工程”进行深入调查,同时对科研院所和各级政府主管部门的水果专家教授及技术推广人员、以及企业领导进行调查。运用系统学的方法对“优果工程”实施中的制约因素进行分析,得出研究结果,并提出对策。 1.在实施“品种结构优化”方面: 可供果农选择的优良品种少; 10年以上树龄,通过换接技术更新品种不现实。 2.在实施“标准化生产”方面: 控梢促花技术还未成熟; 龙眼结果大小年问题没有得到很好解决; 缺乏因土配方施肥的实施条件。 3.在“采后商品化处理”方面: 龙眼主要以鲜果销售为主,鲜果销售约占总产量的85%,加工量仅占总产量的15%左右,造成鲜果销售压力大,果价低,果农没有实现预期效益。 龙眼分级销售造成的裂皮果没有加工企业消化,果农没有从分级销售中获得更多的利益。 龙眼贮藏保鲜期短,通过保鲜调节鲜果市场的功能弱。 水果批发市场功能不全,分布不合理。 4.在“产业化经营”方面: 果农组织化程度低; 水果协会还不是果农的自发组织。 龙头企业与果农的关系是松散的买卖关系,没有真正成为”风险共担,利益共享”的利益共同体。 没有知名“品牌”,缺乏市场竞争力。 在上述研究成果的基础上,提出了果农在实施龙眼“优果工程”的主要对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fruit is an important economical crop in Guangxi, and the fruit industry is one of the backbone properties for fruit grower enhances income. After the fast development of more than 30 years, Guangxi has become of a substantial large province on area of fruit but it is not a strong province on fruit yield, which the total areas of fruit growth are up to 1133300hm~2 and the longan planting areas are 221000 hm~2. Therefore, Guangxi government put forward a stratagem of excellent fruit project in 2002. Under the assumption of the limited rationalness which fruit grower pursues self-interest, the complete inquisitions were finished on circumstances of excellent fruit project in longan yield carried out by fruit grower, the scientific research institution, the fruit expert of all levels government and the enterprise leadership. Meanwhile a restricted factor in carrying out excellent fruit program is analyzed with the systemic methods, a research result is concluded and the countermeasure is put forward. 1.In the aspects of carrying out the species structure optimization:-- The good species provided for fruit grower is little;-- It is unrealistic to renovate longan tree beyond 10 years by exchange-graft technique 2.In the aspects of carrying out standardized yield:--The techniques of controlling the twigs and hastening florescence are still immature;-- The problem of the longan’s big and small year is not resolved;-- Lack of fertilizing conditions according to the soil information. 3.In the aspect of commercial disposal after plucking:-- The longan mainly sells at fresh fruit, which the amount of sale is about 85% of the total yield. As the result of it, the price of fruit is lower and lower under the pressure of increasingly severe sale , and the fruit grower’s anticipative income become faint.-- The crazed fruit produced in the process of classification, there is no choice but to throw away. So the fruit grower did not benefit from grades-sale.-- Shelf-life of the longan is short, but the functions with fresh fruit market being adjusted by the technique of preserving-freshness are weak.-- The function of the fruit wholesales market is not wholesome, and the distribution is also unreasonable. 4.In the aspect of industrialized management:-- The fruit grower systematized degree is low;-- The fruit association is not just voluntary organization of the fruit grower.-- It is not an real interest community which bears venture and shares benefits together between the leading enterprise and the fruit grower, but a lax business.-- Have no well-known brand, lack of the market competition ability.On the basis of above research results, main countermeasures which the fruit grower carries out excellent fruit project in longan yield are put forward.更多还原