【作者】 陈英；

【导师】 陈纪瑜；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 财政学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 我国历来高度重视农业、农村和农民问题,但由于我国建国初期的赶超战略和体制问题,导致了我国农业产业化、现代化进展缓慢,农村经济发展滞缓; 农村与城市之间依然人为割裂,劳动力流动受到体制性和政策性歧视,农民收入增长缓慢,城乡的差距进一步扩大; 国家财政收入快速增长与农村公共产品供给严重不足并存,农民负担沉重与现行财政困难并存,等等问题。本文认为,在我国农村、农业、农民问题中,农村公共产品供给是核心问题,该问题的有效解决将有利于其他问题的解决,而我国农村公共产品供给存在的低效率和不公平问题又根源于农村公共产品供给机制改革的滞后。在深刻分析农村公共产品供给机制现状后,得出我们应该从供给机制的资金筹集、需求表达和决策三个层面进行创新以解决我国农村公共产品供给存在的问题,为解决我国的“三农”问题提供一条切实可行的路径建议。本文分四个部分阐述以上观点:第一部分农村公共产品供给机制的理论分析。在公共产品理论的基础上对农村公共产品进行清晰界定,并介绍了农村纯公共产品的局部均衡、一般均衡、林达尔均衡等最优供给模型和农村准公共产品的有效供给模型。第二部分从资金筹集机制、需求表达机制和供给决策机制三个方面对比分析了人民公社时期和家庭承包责任制时期的农村公共产品供给机制,并分析了我国目前农村公共产品供给存在的问题及其原因。第三部分从农村公共产品供给机制的资金筹集机制、需求表达机制和供给决策机制三个方面入手构建新的农村公共产品供给机制。第四部分为农村公共产品供给机制改革需要的配套措施。主要分析了农村税制、地方税收体系、乡村行政体制、政府官员政绩考评体系和乡村负债几个方面。本文研究的现实意义体现在试图建立一个以农业发展、农村繁荣、农民富裕、城乡统筹发展为目标,以给予农民国民待遇、提高供给效率与公平为指导,较为完善的农村公共产品供给机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Our country values the agriculture, village in times gone by and highly with the farmer problem. But the strategy rushing through the super in the initial stage founding our country and system problem, cause our country agriculture industry turn, modernized to make slow progress, the economic development in village is slow-moving, The labor force flows suffer the system and the policy bias, the farmer income increases very slowly, the margin of city and country further extends; The national public finance income increases quickly, and in the same time the public product in village supplies the serious shortage, the farmer supports heavily with current public finance difficulty. This text thinks that the core reason of the problems in village is supply and demanding antinomy of rural public goods that one kind of lagged transformation on supply system of rural area public goods had cased. From the deep analysis of the capital for the rural public goods supply obtained that we should innovate the supply system of rural community public goods form three aspects: supply decision mechanism, expression of demand mechanism, funding-raising mechanism, so that we can solve the problem of the supply of rural public goods and this will provide a path to solve the rural problem. This text divides four aspects to expatiate the standpoint: section one, the institutional theories analysis of public products in village supplies. This paper defines the concepts and the contents of rural publics clearly by applying the theory of pubic finance. And to makes a study of the superior supply model about part balance and general balance. Section two, the historical evolvement and contrast study of rural public goods’ supply mechanism. Introduce the supply system of rural community public goods of people commune period and contract responsibility period. And form three respects of demand expressing, decision–making and financing analysis the two periods. This paper analyses the present situation of public goods supply and its cause of the two aspects: top-to-bottom in decision-making and the off-institutional supply of public goods. Section three, the supply of public goods in our countryside exist the deficiency, inefficiency,unfair, etc. This paper holds that our government should redefine the financial function of the township government, the emphasis of which is to establish and improve the township public finance and properly divides the administrative and financial duties and responsibilities between the central government and the local government, creative decision-making of rural public goods, and establish the democratic decision-making mechanism. Section four, a series of conclusions and some policy suggestions should be given, for example,village tax system, the local tax system reform, village and township administrative system, performance appraising system of government officials, village and township incur debts etc. The practical significance of this paper is trying to design a new and more perfect supply mechanism of rural public goods with the purpose of promoting agricultural development, thrive the rural area, enrich the peasant and develop both the rural and city as a unity. At the same time with the guideline to give nation treatment to peasants and improve the supply efficiency.更多还原