【作者】 刘永呈；

【导师】 胡永远；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 西方经济学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着知识经济的兴起与迅猛发展,人力资本作为技术进步的源泉,愈益被视为经济增长的“引擎”,成为解释国家、地区间经济增长差异的重要因素。但从已有的实证分析来看,其解释力随国家和地区、经济发展阶段的不同而存在差异。与之密切相关的一个重要现实问题是:20世纪90年代以来,伴随着中国经济的高速增长,地区间人力资本水平差异虽然日渐缩小,但是中国地区经济增长差异却日趋扩大。这些问题正为越来越多的国内外学者所关注,他们力图回答:影响我国地区经济增长差异的因素有哪些?人力资本如何作用于经济增长的?怎样才能充分发挥人力资本的作用? 本文采用人力资本——“外生性效应”——“内生性效应”——物质资本——经济增长的技术路线,对上述问题进行了研究。首先,我们将人力资本理论与经济增长的趋同理论相结合,分析了人力资本积累与经济增长的关系,进而分析了20世纪90年代我国地区经济增长差异扩大原因。然后,着重分析了人力资本的作用机制,在理论上将其归纳为人力资本的“外生性效应”和“内生性效应”,并就人力资本的两种效应进行经验研究,发现人力资本与物质资本之间有较强的互补性,最后本文对这一关系进行了经验验证。我们的主要结论是:(1)改革开放以来,中国地区经济增长差异的发展趋势:局部收敛,整体扩散。即东、中、西三大地区内部增长差异逐渐缩小,区域间增长差异呈扩大之势;省际经济增长差异略有下降,条件趋同迹象明显,但是这种趋同主要是由80年代产生的强趋同效应所导致,趋同的主要驱动力源于初始人均收入水平和人力资本水平的收敛。(2)90年代以来,中国地区经济增长的差异日渐体现为人力资本作用差异。经济发达的东部地区人力资本存量较高,人力资本的“外生性效应”和“内生性效应”比人力资本水平较低的中西部地区大,从而经济增长步伐快于中西部地区,地区间经济增长差异进一步拉大。(3)人力资本和物质资本应协调发展。一方面,物质产品的生产不仅需要投入物质资本,而且要投入相应的人力资本,另一方面,人力资本的增长除了自身的投入之外,还需要物质资本的投入。两种资本的协调发展,有利于减缓单一资本的边际报酬递减。最后,基于本文的实证结论,我们提出了从提高教育水平、重视人力资本积累、优化投资结构、推进技术进步和制度创新等方面加强政策导向,推动中国整体经济持续、快速、平衡发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 With knowledge economy arising and developing rapidly, as the source of technological progress human capital is more and more regarded as the engine of economic growth and hence the crucial factor which explains the divergence in growth rates across counties and regions. But some existing empirical studies show its explanation differently in different counties and regions or at different stages of economic development. An important realistic problem which closely connects to the above is: since 20 century 90s era, along with the rapid growth of China’s economy, although the diversity of human capital has been trailed off, the divergence in growth rates across regions in China have been gradually filled out. More and more scholars are focusing on these problems, they try to answer such questions : what factors cause these divergence? How does human capital affect economic growth? How does exert sufficiency effect of human capital.This paper researches into above-mentioned problems by technological approach which comes from human capital, "exogenous effect", "endogenous effect", physical capital to economic growth. Firstly, we insist on both human capital theory and the theory of convergence of economic growth, analyze the relation between human capital accumulation and economic growth. Farther more, analyze the cause of the diversity scale-up across regions in China since 20 century 90s era. And then we study on the impacting mechanism of human capital on economic growth.we make an empirical study that based on theoretical hypothesis which means that the impacting mechanism of human capital on economic growth by "exogenous effect" and "endogenous effect", and also find the stronger simulataneous relation on human capital and physical capital.Finally, we validate this relation. Our main conclusion of this paper are: (1) the development trend of economic growth diversity across regions in China since reform: partly convergence, holistic divergence. Namely, the economic growth diversity become smaller within the east, middle regions and the west, and enlarge between regions, the economic growth diversity between inter-provincial rise slightly since 90 era. (2) since 20 century 90s era. The difference of economic growth in Chinese regions could be mainly contributed to the difference of human capital effects. The effects of human capital to economic growth is bigger in east region than middle and west regions because of the endogenous and exogenous effects. As a result, the regional disparity become bigger. (3) Human capital and physical capital shoulddevelop harmoniously. On one hand, the production of physical product involves not only the input of physical capital but also the input relevant human capital. On the other hand, the increase of human capital attribute to not only the input of itself but also the input of physical capital. The harmonious development of two kind of capital helps to cut down the decreasing of marginal revenue of individual capital. Finally, based on the positive analysis, we put forward the following politic suggestions which intend to push the Chinese economy develop continuously, rapidly and stablely: promoting the level of education, concentrating on the accumulation of human capital, optimizing the investment structure, and accelerating the technological innovation and the system innovation .更多还原