【作者】 刘世理；

【导师】 樊葳葳；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 语言中有些成分由于传承民族文化,以一些特殊的表现形式固定下来。一方面这些特殊形式极大地丰富着民族语言,另一方面它们中所蕴含的民族文化给不同语言之间的交际造成理解困难。本文从国俗语义学的视阙,以汉英两种语言的文化特性词语为对象,探讨语言的形式和理据,揭示交际的可行性。从形式上看,汉英文化特性词语涵盖了成语、谚语、典故、俗语等习语的全部特征。成语形式固定,意义由一组字或单词共同表达,不是由单个字义或词义相加。谚语由一个以上的句子构成,表达的意义反映一定的哲理。典故形式和内容固化,有借古喻今的作用。俗语形式活波,约定俗成,反映社情民意,时代性强。从语源上分析,汉英文化特性词语都源于民族文化历史的积淀,包括时代演变、宗教信仰和生活环境。这正是造成不同民族语言中文化特性词语具有国俗语义的原因,是文化特性词语的理据。人类相同的生理要素和物理世界使不同的语言有许多相似性,而民族背景、价值观和语言体系的不同都集中体现到文化特性词语上。研究表明,通过分析是可以认识这些不同,交际或翻译中虽不能求形式上的完全相同,但可达到效果对等。正如语言学家认为,语言是约定俗成的,同时也是人类固有的。语言的俗成性赋予语言承载人类不同社会文化的功能; 语言为人类所固有的属性,使得操不同语言的民族之间有交际和理解的可能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Most of the set phrases and expressions such as idioms, proverbs, and allusions are culturally loaded. Their specialties in form greatly enrich the language of a nation, but the national-culture they carry impedes the understanding in interlingual communication. This thesis, the Study of Culture-specific Expressions in Chinese and English from the Perspective of National-Cultural Semantics, aims to make a survey of the special language forms and their motivation and show the possibility of inter-cultural communication. Culture-specific expressions in both Chinese and English embody all the characteristics of idioms, proverbs, allusions and common sayings. An idiom is a set phrase with a meaning of its own that is different from the meaning of each separate word put together. A proverb is at least a sentence which displays some principle and truth. Allusions, stable in form, use the past to disparage the present. Common sayings, varying in form, are conventional. Culture-specific expressions are both traditionally and conventionally formed. They reflect the history, religion and social life of a nation. That is why they have national-cultural meanings. Motivation aspects show that the same physiology and physical world result in similarities in different languages. It is culture-specific expressions that contain most of the differences of nationality, value and language system. Research shows that we can obtain an equivalent understanding by analyzing the culture-specific expressions of different languages though they have no equivalent forms. As linguists present, language is both conventional and somewhat innate.更多还原