【作者】 刘红卫；

【导师】 柴立元； 蔡江松；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 冶金工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 我国氧化锌有相当大的储量,随着锌资源日益短缺,利用中低品位的氧化锌矿生产锌是一条重要的开源节流的方法。 对某中低品位的氧化锌矿进行了工艺矿物学研究,结果表明这种氧化锌矿主要锌矿物为菱锌矿,很容易用硫酸浸出。分别考察了磨矿粒度、酸度、时间、温度等因素对锌和杂质的浸出率的影响,结果表明磨矿粒度控制在-0.074mm占40～50%,液/固比3～4/1,浸出温度60～70℃,时间1小时,锌的浸出率可以达到95%以上。采用两段逆流浸出,Zn的浸出率可以达到92～95%,同时有效地抑制了杂质Cu、Fe、Si、Al的浸出,中性浸出液中含杂质很低,适于进入萃取系统。 以P₂₀₄作萃取剂,采用3级萃取、2～3级洗涤、2级反萃的工艺结构,有机相不必皂化可以得到含Zn1～2g/L的萃余液,同时可以得到含Zn大于90g/L,含Cd²⁺、Co²⁺、Cu²⁺、Fe³⁺等杂质都很低的反萃液,浸出液中的F^-、Cl^-也不会进入反萃液中,这种锌反萃液可不必再净化而直接送到去电积生产高质量的阴极锌。 考察了锌电解液中微量的P₂₀₄有机物对锌电积的影响。试验结果表明控制适宜的锌电积条件,电解液中P₂₀₄含量低于5ppm时对电锌质量不会造成不利的影响。采用活性炭吸附法可以使Zn反萃液中的P204含量降低到1ppm以下。 初步的可行性研究表明:采用浸出—萃取—电积工艺处理低品位氧化锌矿,锌的总回收率88.81%,单位投资为0.5～0.55万元/tZn,每吨电锌的加工成本不超过5500元,利润为1000～1500元/吨的,该工艺有较好的经济效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 With quick consumption of zinc resource, low grade zinc oxide ores play an increasingly important role in production of zinc.The mineralogy of a certain low grade zinc oxide ore was studied. The result shows that the main zinc mineral is smithsonite, which is easy to be leached by H₂SO₄. Based on this, in H₂SO₄ system, effects of particle size of triturates, acidity, time and temperature on leaching rate of zinc and impurities were investigated. The optimized conditions to obtain a leaching rate of higher than 92% for zinc are : -0.074mm particle size of triturates accounting for 40⁵0 %; L/S being 3⁴/1;temperature within 60⁷0℃; reacting time of 1h. When two stage adverse current technology being employed, a leaching rate of 92⁹5% for zinc can be acheived, with Fe、 Si and Al effectively restrained in the residue, so the contents of the impurities are very low in neutral leaching solution, which is favorable for further extracting system. An extracting process with three stage extracting, 2³ stage washing and two stage striping and using P204 as extracting agent being adopted, the raffinade containing 1²g/L Zn is directly obtained without saponification process of organic phase, and the striping liquor containing higher than 90g/L zinc andvery low content of impurities such as Cd²⁺ , Co²⁺ , Cu²⁺ , Fe³⁺ , F^- and Cl^- ion may directly be electrodeposited to produce high quality zinc metal without purification process.Effect of P204 on electrodeposition process of zinc was investigated. The result shows that if proper electrodeposition conditions are maitained, less than 5ppm content of P204 has little effect on the quality of zinc products, and the content of P204 in striping liquor can be reduced to less than lppm by activated carbon absorption.Preliminary technical and economical feasibility analysis shows that if the new process of leaching-extracting-electrodepositing is applied to treat low grade zinc oxide ores, the cost is 5000⁵500 yuan/tZn, which can produce a profit of 1000¹500 yuan/t zinc.更多还原