地下采空区灾害危险度的模糊综合评价

【作者】 段瑜；

【导师】 王新民； 彭欣；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 目前,由于地下开采形成的采空区所导致的片帮、冒顶、突水、地震、岩爆、冲击地压、地面塌陷、地面沉降、地裂缝以及由此导致的滑坡、泥石流、地表植被破坏等多种形式的灾害造成重大人员伤亡和设备事故,已成为地下矿山主要灾害,引起了政府、企业的高度重视。本文针对大宝山矿业有限公司铜业分公司地下开采过程中采用空场法所形成的大量未处理的采空区安全稳定性进行了系统、深入研究,主要内容如下: 1.根据现场技术部门提供的资料以及在对走向长度近2000m开采范围的地下采空区大量现场调查的基础上,将其进行了统计分析,得出了采空区在各个中段的分布密度、采空区的几何尺寸、采空区的空间形态以及采空区群的分布状况,并对矿山历年采空区灾害事故进行了分析; 2.从岩石力学的角度分析了采空区围岩的破坏机理与破坏类型。从地质、水文、环境以及采空区的几何参数四个主要影响因素,分析得出影响采空区稳定性的主要因子; 3.首次在硬岩矿山采空区评价中引入综合模糊评价理论,建立了采空区灾害危险度多因子评价模型。提出了采空区危险度指标,采用多比例两两对比法确定评价指标因素的权重,并用四值逻辑分区法确定隶属函数和评分标准。从而实现了大宝山地下采空区灾害危险度的定量分析,将统计得出的37个采空区划分为危险度极高、危险度较高、危险度一般、危险度较低四个等级,指出了不同危险度采空区的空间位置和分布特点; 4.构造了采空区灾害事故树分析模型,根据对采空区灾害的事故树分析,找出了事故发生的基本事件,对事故树定性分析,计算出各基本事件结构重要度,最后分析了事故可能发生的最小路径及预防事故的基本途径; 5.应用三维ANSYS分析软件对采空区危险度高的3~#,6~#采空区的稳定性进行三维计算,得出破坏的主要部位; 6.针对不同级别危险度的采空区分别提出具体的技术可行、经济合理的处理措施,为大宝山地下采空区监控和治理提供了主要的理论依据和技术指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 These days, rib fall, roof fall, water inrush, earthquake, rock burst, ground collapse, ground subside, ground crack caused by goaf of underground mining as well as their induced disaster such as landslide, debris flow, surface vegetation demolish etc. which have been the major disaster in underground mine, have resulted in momentous personnel casualty and equipment accident and aroused government and enterprise’s intense recognition. Aiming at large amount of unsettled goaf formed by underground Open-stope mining process in Copper filiale of Dabaoshan mining Ltd., this paper put up systematic and deep research to their safety and stability. Main contents are as follows:1. Based on the data offered by on spot technique department and the vast on spot inquisition of underground goaf within mining area which tend towards about 2000m long, we carried through statistical analysis and got distributing density, geometry size, space shape of goaf and distributing status of goaf masses, moreover analyzed past years’ goaf disaster accident of this mine.2. We analyzed the breakage mechanism and breakage type of surrounding rock from the view of rock mechanics. Main factors of goaf stability were obtained by analyzing four affecting matters containing geology, hydrology, environment and geometry parameter of goaf.3. Fuzzy integrated assessing theory was used in hard rock mine goaf for the first time and multifactor assessing model for goaf hazard degree was also constituted. We proposed goaf hazard degree index, adopted multi-proportional pairwise comparative method to ascertain the weight of assessing index factor, and four-valued logic zoning method to ascertain subordination function and grade standard. Thereby quantitative analysis of underground goaf disaster hazard degree in Dabaoshan was realized, then 37 statistical goaf were compartmentalized to be extremely high hazard degree, high hazard degree, common hazard degree and low hazard degree, space location and distributing character of various goaf hazard degree were also indicated.4. FTA model of goaf disaster was constructed, the basic eventsleading to accident were found according to analyzing of goaf disaster, and the structure importance of each basic envents were calculated by fault tree qualitative analysis, finally, the possible least path leading to accident and basic approaches for accident prevention were analyzed.5. Stability of goaf 3# and 6§ with high hazard degree were calculated by three-dimension software ANSYS to obtain the main position of breakage.6. Idiographic management measures with feasible technology and reasonable economy were put forward respectively for various hazard degree goaf to offer the leading theory basis and technical instruction.更多还原