【作者】 段凌；

【导师】 张李义；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 电子采购是电子商务中的重要应用内容,它给企业采购带来了巨大的潜力。企业实施电子采购的主要目标就是重组采购业务流程、削减经营成本。拍卖和反向拍卖在电子采购中的应用,可以为企业实现这些目标提供很好的支持。 借助互联网,买方和卖方可以在电子采购平台上进行实时交易,其平台主要基于动态定价的采购模型,主要包括以下类型: 1.拍卖—采购方通过竞标争取交易; 2.反向拍卖—供应商通过竞标争取交易; 3.议价采购—多个买方将采购需求加起来,与一个供应商就价格进行协商谈判,价格随采购需求量的增加而降低; 本文在综合研究了电子采购和拍卖机制的基础上,对网上实时反向拍卖进行了论述。在反向拍卖采购中,存在一个买方和多个卖方。反向拍卖采购的基本原理是依靠市场竞争促使卖方降低价格。买方描述自己的需求,多个卖方进行多轮竞价,促使价格逐渐降低,出价最低者获得胜利。 虽然反向拍卖采购的过程和规则千变万化,但其一般过程为:采购方在网上发布采购需求(包括产品描述、发货日期和供应商售后服务标准,还有交货量和交货期),同时,采购方还需要通知供应商标底价格、竞价开始日期和时间、持续时间。得到通知的供应商登陆拍卖网站,参加反向拍卖。在竞价过程中,供应商可以看见当前出价,然后确定自己可接受的最低出价。在竞价结束时,出价最低者往往可以获得最终的成交机会。 全文分为六个部分:第一部分提出问题,并阐述了电子采购和拍卖的研究现状,介绍了本文的主要研究内容;第二部分介绍了电子采购的研究;第三部分介绍了拍卖机制的研究;第四部分论述了反向拍卖在电子采购中的应用;第五部分提出两个实例,对上述研究进行了论证;最后一部分总结了本文的工作,并提出不足之处和今后的研究方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 E-procurement is an application in electronic commerce, and it has the potential to contribute significantly to the procurement process. One of the key strands of the company Procurement Policy is to improve the procurement process by streamlining and re-engineering procurement processes, and reducing the cost of doing business. Electronic procurement, including the use of reverse auctions, has the potential to contribute significantly to achieving these goals.The internet allows buyers and suppliers to come together in real time, and to use dynamic pricing models for procurement purposes. Examples of dynamic pricing models include:1. Auctions - where buyers bid for the right to purchase;2. Reverse auctions - where suppliers bid for the right to supply;3. Consolidated purchasing - where many buyers combine their requirements and negotiate on price with a supplier, the price decreases as the combined requirements increase;This dissertation specifically relates to real time reverse auctions on the internet. In a reverse auction, there is a single buyer and many suppliers. In this instance, the objective is to use market forces to drive suppliers to lower prices. The buyer indicates its requirement, and suppliers progressively bid lower prices to win the right of supply.While the specific process and rules of reverse auctions can vary, the process generally involves the Buyer posting its requirement (including product description, delivery and warranty specifications, and terms and conditions of supply) on the internet. The buyer also notifies suppliers of the starting price, date, time and duration of the reverse auction. To participate in the reverse auction, suppliers log onto the auction site on the internet. During the reverse auction, suppliers can see the current bid and make lower bids if they wish. At the close of the reverse auction, the bidder offering the lowest price usually wins the right of supply.The dissertation is divided into 6 parts: The first part proposes the problem, and expatiates the present condition of E-procurement and auction, then introduces the main content; the second part describes the research about E-procurement; the third part study the auctions; The fourth part discusses the research on application of reverse auction in E-procurement; The fifth part prove two examples that expound and prove above-mentioned research; The last part summarizes the dissertation and indicate the future work.更多还原