【作者】 李前伦；

【导师】 张里安；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 民商法学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 动产与不动产的划分是民法上最为基本的分类之一,其不仅在大陆法系民法中具有重要地位,而且在英美法中亦有重要影响。本文分析了动产与不动产划分的动因,提出了若干新的见解;对动产与不动产的划分标准进行了反思,并提出了新的划分标准;最后,本文依据新的标准重新构造了动产与不动产的区分体系。 本文由五大部分组成,共三万六千余字。 第一部分论述了动产与不动产这一划分在现代民法中的地位。笔者认为,动产与不动产的划分在大陆法系国家的法律制度体系中具有十分重要的意义。动产与不动产这一划分对于大陆法系各国民法典的物权编的影响是实质性的。动产与不动产的划分在英美法系国家的法律制度体系中同样具有十分重要的意义。普通法基于这一划分形成了截然不同的法律规则;学界基于这一划分对动产和不动产的法律规则进行了分类整理。 第二部分论述了动产与不动产划分的动因。笔者认为,首先,动产与不动产的划分是历史生成的,“在法律哲学中去寻求划分的理由,结果必然是徒劳无功;它们不属于法律哲学而属于法律历史”。其次,功能实现也是动产与不动产划分的一个重要动因。最后也是最重要的,不同时代人们的价值观念对于动产与不动产这一划分的形成具有决定性的影响。 第三部分论述了动产与不动产的划分标准。笔者认为,传统的物理标准和价值标准都有其固有的缺陷而不足为训。按照本文对于动产与不动产划分动因的分析,笔者提出了重要性标准和功能性标准,并采用法律直接规定说作为其客观化的手段。 第四部分论述了法律直接规定条件下动产与不动产划分的应然结构。笔者认为,根据重要性标准,土地、建筑物为不动产;而根据功能性标准,土地上的林木与汽车、飞机、船舶为不动产。除此以外的物则为动产。不过,不动产的许多具体问题仍然需要进一步明确。更多还原

【Abstract】 The severance of personal property and real property is one of the most important classifications in civil law, and it has a profound impact on Civil Law Tradition and Common Law. This thesis analyses the causes of the severance, and put forward some new opinions; Turns over to think of the traditional criteria of the severance and advance new criteria. Finally, the author reconstructs the system of the severance of personal property and real property.The thesis consists of five parts. The words add up to more than 36,000.Part one discusses the status of the severance in modern civil law. The author thinks that the severance of personal property and real property is of great significance in Civil Law Tradition and that the severance especially has an essential impact on the constitution of Real Right Law.Part two analyses the causes of the severance. The author believes that, firstly, the severance gradually comes into being in history, and "the reasons of the severance must ever be vainly sought for in the philosophy of law: they belong not to its philosophy, but to its history" . Secondly, the realization of function is also an important cause. At last but not least, the value conception of the people in different times influences fiercely upon the severance.Part three discourses upon the criteria of the severance. The author has the opinion that traditional physical criterion and value criterion have their inherent weakness and thus they cannot be used to differentiate personal property from real property. According to this, the author posesessentiality criterion and functionality criterion. And introduces the doctrine of the direct prescript and makes them objective.Part four discuss the inward structure of the severance, the author asserts that according to essentiality criterion, land> construction are real property; according to functionality criterion, automobi^ airplane and watercraft are also real property. All others are personal property.更多还原