【作者】 汤薇；

【导师】 李新天；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 民商法， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 在不完全合同由于符合现代社会价值取向而成为普遍的存在时,如何解决因为合同内容欠缺所带来的纠纷成为各国法官都必须面对的难题。英美法系和大陆法系各有解决这一难题的机制:默示条款制度和合同漏洞补充制度。 本文首先通过对不完全合同的生成及特点的探究表明现代合同法在其影响下所产生的变化以及两大法系分别形成了应对机制。文章的第二部分集中论述英美法系的默示条款制度,默示条款制度指示法官可根据情况或者插入依法律推定的默示条款、或者插入依习惯推定的默示条款、或者插入依事实推定的默示条款。对于法官能动性较大的依事实推定的默示条款的插入还需以一系列的规则限定之,尽管学者们对于插入规则的构成还存在颇多争议,但这些规则对于防止法官行为对当事人意思自治的侵害所起到的重大作用却不容小视。大陆法系的合同漏洞补充制度中亦包括有依成文法补充、依习惯补充和合同补充性解释等补充方法,但本文的第三部分主要就法官能动性较大的合同补充性解释制度展开论述。合同补充性解释制度中也有限制法官行为的理论,不过在笔者看来尚不如默示条款的插入规则发展得完善。在第四部分中笔者将两大制度进行对比,并通过对我国不完全合同纠纷解决机制的分析,确认其具有大陆法系的合同漏洞补充制度之特点。虽然我国采用了大陆法系的不完全合同纠纷解决机制,但笔者依然认为,在法官素质参差、衡平理念不足的我国,这些限制规则对于司法实践也具有相当的借鉴价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 When incomplete contracts are ubiquitous, how to solve the dissension brought about by the absence of the contract is a difficult problem. Both Common Law System and Continental Law System have a mechanism to solve this problem: implied terms and remedy of contract flaw.Firstly, this thesis revealed the causes and the features of incomplete contracts. Incomplete contracts brought alternations to modern contract law. Both Common Law System and Continental Law System formed a mechanism to solve the dissension brought about by the absence of the contract. Secondly, this thesis discussed the theory of implied terms. The theory of implied terms can guide the court to implied terms into the contract, and such terms may be implied from one of three sources: law custom and fact. There are also some tests to restrict the court to violate the intention of the parties. Although the form of the tests is controversial, it is very important to prevent count form violating the intention of the parties. Remedy of contract flaw remedy incomplete contracts with transaction practices indefinite law provisions and remedy by explanation of contracts. But in the third part of this thesis, only the remedy by explanation of contracts was discussed because it mostly embodies the volition of judge. To restrict the power of judge, there are rules in remedy by explanation of contracts. But the rules are not so optimized compare to implied terms. In our country, although the theory of remedy of contract flaw is used to solve the dissension brought about by the absence of the contract, but the restriction tests are worth learning form the theory of implied terms.更多还原