【作者】 肖鼎光；

【导师】 张秀生；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 政治经济学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 中国农村剩余劳动力的有效转移有利于我国农村经济发展,从而促进市场经济发展;有利于大幅度提高农民收入;有利于扩大城镇劳动力的来源和商品的市场需求,加快中国二元经济的转化进程。 改革开放二十多年来,通过农民进城打工和定居、小城镇吸纳及乡镇企业就业等方式,确实转移了一部分农村剩余劳动力,但是相对于整个农村剩余劳动力而言还是显得不够。 当前我国仍处于城乡二元结构的环境,虽然在城乡隔离的户籍制度上有一定的松动,但是城乡居民在生存质量、文化素质、基本技能等各方面存在着巨大差异,这种社会经济状况决定了我国农村剩余劳动力转移工作依然十分艰巨。本文简要概述了辜胜阻等国内学者及刘易斯等国外学者的相关理论和研究成果,吸收了其中关于通过工业化和城镇化等方式吸收农村剩余劳动力的观点。此外,本文介绍了一些国家转移农村剩余劳动力的经验得失,并将我国的人口和劳动力结构、企业发展状况、城市化水平以及国民教育等情况与之进行了简要比较。在查阅相关数据资料的基础上,本文回顾了我国农村剩余劳动力转移的历程,然后分析指出了当前制约我国农村劳动力转移的一些因素,并针对这些因素从中国农村剩余劳动力的供给、需求及其外部环境三个方面提出了解决思路。 一个国家的生产力水平、人口、制度安排等因素对农村劳动力的转移起着决定性作用,而不同的国家在这些方面都是不同的,这种差异决定了我国农村剩余劳动力转移不能照搬发达国家的经验,而必须从我国现实国情出发,构建一条中国特色的农村剩余劳动力转移道路。因此,本文认为加快城镇化进程、深化农业内部就业、加快乡镇企业发展、优化产业结构、改善制度环境等是新形势下中国更多还原

【Abstract】 The successful transference of rural China’s surplus labors can benefit the development of China’s rural economy, and hence accelerate the progress of China’s market economy; increase the peasants’ income greatly; widen the source of urban labor forces and the demand of market commodities, and hence fasten the course of transforming China’s dual economy structure.Chinese government has taken the reform and open policy for more than 20 years. During this time, by means of peasants’ moving into and then living in big cities, of absorbing farmers from rural areas by new built towns, of encouraging farmers to working in the rural enterprises, and so on, many rural surplus labors do be transferred from rural sector. However, it is not enough comparing with the whole amount of rural surplus labors.Today, China still has an urban-rural dual structure. Though the policy of registered permanent residence has been loosed in a sense, there exist great differences in many aspects between urban and rural population, such as living conditions, knowledge qualities, working skills and so on. This kind of economical and social situation decides that it may not be easy to solve the problem of rural surplus labors.This paper briefly summarizes related researches and theories of the domestic scholars like Professor Gu Shengzu and the foreign scholars like Professor A.Lewis and uses some of their perspectives for reference like regarding the industrialization and urbanization as some of the ways of absorbing rural surplus labors. Besides, this paper introduces the experiences of some other countries of the world, and briefly contrasts and compares China’s structure of population and labors, situation of enterprises, level of urbanization and national education with some of them. Based on the authorized statistics, this paper narrates the history of the transference of rural China’s surplus labor,and then analyses some factors that restrict transferring the surplus labor in rural China. According to these factors, this paper indicates how to solve this problem from the directions of rural labor’s supply, demand and outer environment.A country’s productivity, population and institutions, which vary from country to country, fundamentally affect the transference. This kind of difference decides that instead of simply copying the ways of transferring experiences of other countries, we must transfer the surplus labors according to China’s environment. Therefore, this paper believes that accelerating the step of urbanization and the development of rural enterprises, enlarging the employment in agriculture itself, optimizing the structure of industries, ameliorating institutions and so on are the basic means of transferring rural China’s surplus labor currently. Meanwhile, this paper emphasizes that improving the literate quality of rural labors and enhancing the strength of domestic enterprises are the keys to achieve success.更多还原