【作者】 贡国鸿；

【导师】 卢欣；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 动物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 2002-2004年,我们于雅鲁藏布江中游高山灌丛环境,对两种同域分布的朱雀的繁殖生态进行了研究。曙红朱雀和拟大朱雀繁殖分布于相同的海拔范围内(4200-4550m),繁殖的时间和空间重叠,但因食物和营巢灌丛大小有区别,而具有不同的生态位。曙红朱雀产卵时间从7月中旬持续到9月上旬,拟大朱雀产卵时间则从7月上旬持续到8月中旬,两者相差约10-15天,但都远迟于峡谷内其它鸟种的产卵起始时间(4至5月)。食物是导致它们繁殖延迟的主要原因。 曙红朱雀的平均窝卵数为3.77枚,拟大朱雀的为3.67枚,两者都以4枚卵最为常见。曙红朱雀的平均新鲜卵重为2.15g,新鲜卵重的计算公式为W=0.529LB~2,卵重损失拟合曲线为y=2.172-0.027t;拟大朱雀的平均新鲜卵重为3.61g,新鲜卵重计算公式为W=0.512LB~2,卵重损失拟合曲线为y=3.623-0.042t。曙红朱雀的卵重与产卵顺序显著正相关,平均卵重除第二枚卵外随产卵顺序增加;而拟大朱雀的卵重与产卵顺序则无显著相关性,其平均卵重(除第五枚卵外)随产卵顺序下降。曙红朱雀的窝卵数与产卵时间有显著的负相关关系;窝卵数与海拔呈较弱的负相关。拟大朱雀窝卵数与产卵时间和海拔无显著相关性。 曙红朱雀的孵卵期平均为15.0天,接近于拟大朱雀的15.3天,二者的孵卵期都比低海拔的同属种长。曙红朱雀和拟大朱雀的孵卵期与海拔无相关性,和各自开始产卵的时间也没有显著的相关性。 曙红朱雀的雏期平均为13.5天,拟大朱雀为14.0天。短于业已发现的除普通朱雀以外的其它朱雀。雏鸟出飞时,体重与其它器官量衡值远低于成鸟,出飞雏鸟需经历一个较长的亲鸟照顾期。 曙红朱雀和拟大朱雀的雄鸟在产卵期、孵卵期和雏期都给雌鸟递食,雏期参与喂食雏鸟。曙红朱雀孵卵期的雄鸟递食频率为0.34次/小时,雌鸟在巢率为54.0%;拟大朱雀孵卵期的雄鸟递食频率为0.69次/小时,雌鸟在巢率为67.6%。 曙红朱雀和拟大朱雀的雏鸟食物结构有很大差别。巢捕食是造成卵及雏鸟损失的主要原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 We studied the breeding ecology of two species in the genus Carpodacus which had comprovincial distribution in alpine shrub environment of Middle Brahmaputra River near Lhasa, Tibet, during three breeding seasons over 2002-2004. Due to different diet and nest shrub height, Pink-rumped Rosefinch Carpodacus eos and Streaked Rosefinch Carpodacus rubicilloides had different niches although both species overlapped to a great extent. Egg laying occurred from mid-July until mid-September in C. eos, and between early July and mid-August in C. rubicilloides, with a 10-15d delay in the former than the latter. Relative to those (most between April and May) other passerines in the same area, the later onset of reproduction could be associated with food supply.The mean clutch size was 3.77 eggs in C. eos and 3.67 eggs in C. rubicilloides with a same modal clutch size of 4. In C. eos, the mean mass of fresh eggs was 2.15g. Fresh egg mass could be calculated by the formula: W=0.529LB~2. Egg mass loss during incubation period could be expressed by the equation y = 2.172-0.027t. In C. rubicilloides, the mean mass of fresh eggs was 3.61g. The relationship between fresh egg mass and dimensions could be expressed as W=0.512LB~2. Water loss during incubation period could be expressed by the equation y = 3.623-0.042t.For C. eos, egg mass increased with laying order except for the second egg. In C. rubicilloides, on the contrary, mean egg mass decreased with the laying sequence. There was a significantly negative correlation between clutch size and egg laying date in C. eos. Similarly, a negative but non-significant relationship was also detected between clutch size and altitude. Clutch size of C. rubicilloides wasn’t correlated either with egg laying date or with elevation.The mean incubation period was 15.0 days in C. eos, similar to 15.3 days in C. rubicilloides. Both species had longer incubation length than other low elevation rosefinches. But within the span of elevation sampled, incubation period of each species had no significant correlation with elevation and egg laying date.The mean nestling period was 13.5 days in C. eos, shorter than 14.0 days in C. rubicilloides, both shorter than those reported in most other rosefinches. The fledglings’ weight and growth of external organs didn’t reach their adult size of these two species. The provision for postfledging is needed for some time.Males of both species delivered food for females since egg laying initiation until early nestling period and participated in nestling provisioning. During incubation period of C. eos, female spent 54.0% of her time in nest attentiveness, during which her mate provided food for her at a rate of 0.34 trips/hr, and of C. rubicilloides with 67.6% nest attentiveness and 0.59 trips/hr male feeding rate.The diets of nestlings were different in these two species. Nest predation might be primarily responsible for the loss of eggs and nestlings.更多还原