【作者】 刘晓霞；

【导师】 周叶中；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 宪法学与行政法学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 社会保障权是公民依法享有的要求国家积极提供社会保障的条件和便利,通过社会保障,维持其生存和发展的一项宪法基本权利——社会经济权利。社会保障权,是由社会保险权、社会救助权、社会福利权和社会优抚权等子权利所构成的权利体系;具有性质之法定性、地位之母体性、内容之复合性、目的之保底性、构成之集群性、主体之个体性的特点。社会保障权既是一系列国际法文件确认和保障的一项重要的基本人权,也是大多数国家宪法规定的社会基本权利。社会保障权在属性上归于社会基本权利,是积极权利(或称请求权、受益权),是渐进性权利,是可诉性权利。 社会保障权的保障包括立法保障和行政保障两个方面。其立法保障主要通过两条途径:一是国际人权法社会保障权条款的立法转换;二是宪法社会保障权条款的法律化、具体化。我国已批准加入的诸多规定社会保障权的国际人权公约已经对我国生效,我国政府有责任忠实履行公约义务。我国应加强社会保障的单项立法,提高立法级别,初步形成以宪法确定的社会保障权为基础的社会保障法律体系。社会保障权无阻碍地实现还需国家行政机关的积极行政保障。 社会保障权的救济是社会保障权得以实现的最终保障。其中司法救济是最常用、最有效的救济途径。诉讼则是社会保障权获得保障的最后一道防线。作为宪法基本权利的社会保障权应具有可诉性,但其可诉性只能保持在很小的范围和程度之内,即“最低限度的社会保障权”。作为法律具体权利的社会保障权无疑也具有可诉性。行政诉讼、民事诉讼、宪法诉讼这三种司法救济途径,组成了社会保障权司法救济的严密体系。当立法机关未履行立法保障义务,或以立法积极侵害公民的社会保障权时,公民可提起宪法诉讼获得救济。其次,当行政主体未履行行政保障义务,公民应得法定社会保障权益因此受损时,可以通过行政诉讼予以救济。再次,当其受到其他平等主体的侵害时,其可以通过民事诉讼获得救济。更多还原

【Abstract】 Right to social security is a basic constitutional right, and it is a basic social right possessed by the citizens. The citizen can request nation by law to provide condition and conveniences of the social security actively. Passing social security, citizens can maintain their existence and gain development. As a right system, right to social security is constituted by some sub- rights—social insurance right, public relief right, social welfare right and excellent fondle right etc. On property, it is a legal right; on position, it is a maternal right ;on content, it is a compound right; on purpose, it is a bottom-protective right; on constitution, it is a cluster of sub-rights; on corpus, it is a individual’s right. Right to social security is not only an important and basic human right confirmed and guaranteed by some documents of international law, but also a basic social right regulated by most Constitutions. Right to social security belongs to a basic social right. It is an active right (or called right of clain, beneficial right). It is a right that must be gradually realized. It is a right that can be sued.The guarantees of right to social security are contented by two aspects: the legislation guarantee and administrative guarantee. The legislation guarantee mainly has two paths: first, the legislation conversion of the international human rights law which include right to social security items; second, domestic legislation of right to social security items embodied in the Constitution. China has already granted to join many international conventions of human rights that providing right to social security and they have already produced effect to China .The government have responsibility implementing the duties of the conventions faithfully. The government should strengthen the single-item legislation of right to social security, raising the class of legislation, Should first-step format the social security law system which matches the state of China, and in which right to social security by Constitution for foundation. The fulfillment of right to social security needs active administration of the national administrative organs.The remedy of right to social security is an end guarantee that the rights can be fulfilled. Among them, the judicial remedy is used mostly and is the most valid remedy path. Litigation is a defense line of guarantee of the rights. As a basic right of constitution, the right to social security can be sued. But its sue is only kept in the pimping scope and degree, that is ,"the lowest limit of the right to social security ".As a concrete right of law, right to social security can also be sued. The right to social security have three paths of remedy judicatories: administrative litigation, civil litigation, constitutional litigation, and they constitute the tight system of the judicial remedy of the right to social security. When the legislative organization do not implement the legislation guarantee duty, or violate the citizens’ right to social security actively by legislation, the citizen can bring up the constitutional litigation to acquire the remedy. Secondly, when the administrative corpus do not implement the administrative guarantee duty, making the citizens deserve damage on right to social security, citizens can acquire remedy through the administrative litigation. Thirdly, when they are subjected to other equal corpuses’ violation, they can acquire remedy through a civil litigation.更多还原