【作者】 陈伟；

【导师】 王新洲；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 大地测量学与测量工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文从经典误差理论的局限性出发,针对测量领域现有参数估计理论存在的不足,同时考虑到目前国际上用测量不确定度来评定测量结果的实质,提出了以不确定度理论和模糊数理论为基础的最小不确定度估计,并将该估计理论应用到测量数据处理实践中。 本文首先论述了最小不确定度估计理论的研究背景和研究意义,简要介绍了该估计理论的研究内容。接着论述了研究测量不确定度的意义,测量不确定度的概念、分类和评定方法,以及测量不确定度与测量误差的异同。 其次,考虑到目前计量部门推广的测量不确定度仍然是对随机误差的一种度量,本文尝试引入模糊数来衡量不确定度,介绍了模糊数方面的基本知识,考虑到空间数据不确定性的存在,论述了用模糊数的模糊幅度来衡量不确定度的可行性。在此基础上,详细介绍了针对三角模糊数、余弦模糊数和抛物线模糊数等不同的模糊数时,最小不确定度估计的估计准则、模型以及实现方法,也论述了最小不确定度估计的质量评定问题。 最后,针对不同的模糊数,将该估计理论应用到测边网、测角网、导线网等测量数据处理实践中,得到了较好的估计结果。最后根据实际应用情况,得出了一些结论与建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Taking account of the shortage of parameter estimation theories in survey field at present and the essence of the measurement uncertainty which is used for assessing the measure quality, least uncertainty estimation ,which is based on the theories of uncertainty and fuzzy number , is put forward to deal with the surveying datas in practice.At the beginning of this thesis, the background and significance of research on the theory of least uncertainty estimation are stated and the content of the research is introduced.The significance of research on the measurement uncertainty is set forth.what’s more,the concept and method of calculation of the measurement uncertainty is also introduced.The relation and the difference between the uncertainty and the error are given.Then,since the measurement uncertainty is still the reflection of stochastic errors, the thesis attempts to use the fuzzy number to weigh the measurement uncertainty.The basic knowledge about fuzzy number is introduced and the feasibility of using fuzzy number to weigh the measurement uncertainty is justified.Based on the above contents, the estimation rule 、 estimation model and the realization way of least uncertainty estimation,which is based on triangle fuzzy number or cosine fuzzy number or parabola fuzzy number, are given in detail.The problem of quality assessment of the estimation is also expounded.At last, with the applications of the theory of least uncertainty estimation in surveying, such as Distances Observed_only Network, Angles Observed_only Network,Traverse Network and etc, some outcomes meeting the precise commands are obtained. Many reasonable conclusions are drawn and some benifical advices are given in the end.更多还原