【作者】 丁书龙；

【导师】 郭建； 颜晓红；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 凝聚态物理， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 一维纳米材料因其优异的光学、电学、化学、力学性能以及在纳米装置、功能材料的独特应用而成为当今纳米材料科学领域的前沿和热点;同时一维纳米材料的制备为纳米科学技术的发展奠定了基础。本文研究用化学气相沉积方法制备出氧化锌(ZnO)纳米线、纳米棒以及一种新形的辐射球型ZnO结构,并对影响它们生长的因素,如催化剂、衬底温度等进行了系统的研究。 第一章简要介绍了纳米材料和一维纳米材料的各种制备方法、生长机理及特点,ZnO的性质和当前研究进展、存在的问题。 第二章首先介绍了实验装置,并对该装置进行了改装,提高了操作可控性。然后采用简单热蒸发纯锌粉的方法,在硅衬底上成功地制备出定向较好的ZnO纳米线,并用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、能谱仪(EDS)进行了形貌、结构、成分表征,结果表明ZnO纳米线为纤锌矿结构的ZnO单晶。实验中用不同的硅片(Si)做衬底来对比,证实ZnO纳米线的生长遵循气固生长机理。 第三章介绍一种新型ZnO结构——空心球壳内外辐射棒状ZnO结构(RS-ZnO)的制备。SEM、XRD、电子选区衍射(SAED)分析表明并RS-ZnO结构上的辐射ZnO棒是单晶的纤锌矿结构,其生长方向是晶体的C轴方向。在实验中发现加氧气前生长出球型Zn液滴是控制RS-ZnO结构生长的关键,并根据实验条件提出了其生长机理。 第四章介绍采用双温区实验装置研究了ZnO纳米线气固VS制备法中Zn蒸气分压和衬底温度对纳米线线径的影响。SEM分析表明纳米线线径与Zn蒸气分压和衬底温度成反比,同时也发现衬底温度对ZnO结构的生长形状有影响。 第五章对本论文的工作进行了总结,并对以后的工作提出了一些设想。更多还原

【Abstract】 One-dimensional (1D) nanostructures have been in the focus of materials research as a result of their unique optical, electronic, chemical and mechanical properties in combination with their great potential for applications in nanodevices and functional materials. Synthesis of 1D nanostructures plays a basic role in nanoscience and nanotechnology development. In this thesis, we synthesized ZnO nanowires, nanorods and a new novel Radial-sphere ZnO nanostructure by chemical vapor deposition. The effects of some factors, such as catalysts and substrate temperature, are systematically studied.Charter Ⅰ: Introduced nanomaterials and provides a review of current research with the preparations, growth mechanisms and of 1 D nanostructures, latest advances and future research of ZnO nanomaterials.Charter Ⅱ: Introduced the schematics of the experimental setup, which has been improved to provide more efficient control. Then well-aligned zinc oxide nanowires were grown on the Si substrates by thermal evaporation of pure zinc powder. The scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) were employed to investigated the morphology, structure and composition of zinc oxide nanowires and show that the nanowires are of high-purity nanocrystal with a hexagonal wurtzite structure. On the basis of experiment with different substrates, the growth mechanism can be explained using the vapor-solid process.Charter Ⅲ: Introduced the synthesis of a new novel structure-radial spherical ZnO structures with nanorods grown on both sides of a hollow sphere-like core (RS-ZnO). SEM, XRD and the selectedarea electrical diffraction (SAED) analysis show that the nanorods of RS-ZnO are single-crystalline wurtzite structure with the c-axis growth direction. It is found that the formation of the spherical-shaped liquid Zn droplets before adding oxygen is a key factor to control the morphology of the RS-ZnO nanostructures and the growth mechanism has been explained on the basis of experiment condition.Charter IV: Systematically studied the effects of some factors, such as Zn partial pressure and substrate temperature on the diameter of ZnO nanowires in the Vapor-Solid process by using a two-furnace system. The SEM images show that the diameter of ZnO nanowires is inverse ratio with Zn partial pressure and substrate temperature,-which influenced to the morphology of the ZnO nanostructures at the same time.Chapter V: Presents a conclusion of this thesis and some prospects for this investigation.更多还原