利用PPP模式发展我国城市公共交通事业的研究

【作者】 滑思忠；

【导师】 郗恩崇；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 PPP(Public Private Partnership)模式,即政府公共部门与私人企业合作模式,是基础设施及城市公共事业建设的一种项目融资模式。是指政府与民营企业或民营资金基于某个特定项目而形成的相互合作关系,并以合同方式确定合作各方的权利和义务,在为公众提供高品质设施和服务的同时,民营企业也可以获得合理的利润。该模式鼓励民营企业与政府进行合作,积极参与基础设施及城市公共事业的建设,由项目参与的各方共同承担责任和融资风险。政府可以解决基础设施建设资金不足的问题,民营企业或民营资金可以获得建设和经营基础设施的权利,并从中获得回报。PPP模式是公共基础设施建设中发展起来的一种优化的项目融资与实施模式。 城市公共交通是城市经济结构中重要的组成部分,直接影响着城市的社会经济活动和城市居民的生活水平,是整个城市的基本构件。改革开放以来,我国城市公共交通建设取得了巨大的发展,为经济发展和人民生活水平的提高奠定了基础。但目前由于受国家财政资金的限制,相对于其他行业及社会发展的需要,城市公共交通的发展却明显不足并严重滞后。表现为:城市交通设施与城市交通需求严重失衡、机动车交通环境污染严重、混行交通状况加剧交通拥挤、交通管理手段落后等等。究其原因,是城市公共交通建设资金不足,并成为影响其进一步发展的“瓶颈”。 另一方面,随着我国经济体制改革的不断深入,最具活力的民营企业已经成为推动我国经济发展和社会进步的重要力量。十六届三中全会明确指出,允许非公有资本进入法律、法规未禁入的基础设施、公用事业及其他行业和领域。这为民营资本进入城市公共交通领域创造了历史的机遇和发展空间,而这一政策也会加快中国民营资本投资结构发生深刻的变化。 在这种背景下,借鉴引进20世纪90年代在西方发达国家基础设施及城市公用事业中流行起来的PPP模式,对推动我国城市公共交通引进民营资本有着非常重要的意义。本文对PPP模式的基本概念、基本特征、运作思路及应用案例进行了介绍并与BOT模式进行了比较;对利用PPP模式发展我国城市公共交通事业的条件、方式、应用前景及对策进行了分析;并总结了我国城市公共交通事业建立PPP模式需要注意的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 PPP<public private partnership>model, as a cooperative way adopted by governmental public department and the enterprise run by the local people as they cooperate in building a specific public project ,is a kind of financing model for building infrastructure , such as urban government utility facilities .Within this model , the right and obligation of the 2 parties’ is confirmed by a contract .The enterprise run by the local people will obtain reasonable profit from the working project they financed ,while it provides the high quality service . The cooperation between governmental public department and the enterprise run by local people is encouraged in building and improving the infrastructure such as urban public utilities ,while the financing risk and bear responsibility from the venture should also be shared by the 2parties .By using this model ,the government would acquire enough funds for improving and building the urban public transport facilities , at the same time ,the enterprise run by the local people would enter the filed of building and running infrastructure projects and obtain reasonable profit. PPP model is an optimum way derived from financing for building the infrastructure facilities .Urban Public Transport , as the essential economic element, always influence the social economic activity in the city and the urbanite’s living standard directly . The developed transport has been established as the foundation rule for the economic development and improvement of the people’s live because enormous achievement has been obtained in the urban transport sector since reform and opening up policy has been performed . But restricted by national finance at present, the development of the urban public transport lags behind the development of other sectors seriously and conspicuously , and can not meet with the citizen’s want. Shorting of funds for improving and building urban traffic facilities has caused many problems, which include that the supply and demand of urban public transport facilities is off balance heavily , the environment is polluted by motor vehicle seriously , the traffic jam has been aggravated by disordered traffic conduct , means of traffic management lagged behind they should be ,etc. This made transport sector to be a barrier of development of other sectors.On the other hand ,with the deepening of economic system reform , the most vibrant enterprises run by the local people have already become important strength of promoting the development of economy of our country and social progress , It was pointed out at the Third Plenary Session of the 16th Party Central Committee that allowing non-public capital to enter the infrastructure field , such as public transport utility, which was not forbidden by law or regulations. This policy will bring the enterprise run by the local people a historic opportunity to enter the urban public transport field ,also will make a deep change in investment structure of private capital in our country.Under this kind of background , to introduce the popular PPP model used in the infrastructure sector ,such as urban transport ,in the western developed countries in 1990s, has very important meanings for introducing the private capital to promote the urban public transport in our country. In this text, the basic conception of PPP model, the essential feature, the approach of operation, applied cases have been introduced and illustrated before this model has been compared to BOT model. The prospect of appliance of PPP model , the questions which should be dealt with as we use this model in improving our urban public transport facilities, have been pointed out as well.更多还原