区域地质环境质量评价的GIS系统研究

【作者】 石碧波；

【导师】 赵法锁；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 地质工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着国土资源部全国县市地质灾害调查与区划工作的全面开展,如何根据大量的调查信息确定地质环境质量的优劣程度越来越重要。地理信息系统(GIS)因其具有强大的数据处理功能和空间分析功能,为区域地质环境研究提供了新的研究方法。 本文综合分析了影响区域地质环境的主要控制因素,在总结前人经验的基础上,确定了区域地质环境质量评价的指标体系,建立了针对区域地质环境质量特点的分级标准。采用向量主成分分析法以及两两比较法对各评价指标进行了筛选与优化,并运用层次分析法确定了评价指标的权重。根据本文评价模型的特点,对于定性指标,主要采用专家经验法进行指标量化;对于定量指标,依据评价分级标准,采用隶属度函数进行取值。根据区域地质环境质量评价问题的特点,本文选取模糊综合评判和信息量法两种简单实用的数学方法,建立了评价模型,并对评价结果进行了对比分析。用C++Builder6.0开发了评价分析模块;以MAPGIS6.5为平台,建立空间图形数据库,属性数据库通过外挂数据库实现,GIS通过接口进行调用,实现图形与属性的连接,形成空间数据库;评价分析模块与GIS通过对中间数据文件的操作达到集成,从而实现两者数据的转换,进行空间分析。 实例分析结合陕西省韩城市调查区,分析了区域地质环境背景,选取了影响其地质环境质量的主要因素,建立了韩城市空间图形库和属性库。运用评价系统对韩城市地质环境质量进行评价,把韩城市地质环境划分为优、良、中、差四个质量级别。结果表明该系统可行,评价模型合理,具有较强的实用性。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the overall development of geological hazard survey and zoning in the national counties and cities, which started by Ministry of Land and Resource, how to judge the degree of good and badness of geo-environment quality according to a great quantity of investigating information becomes more and more important. Because of powerful data tackling ability and spatial analysis function, Geographic Information System (GIS) provides a new study method for regional geo-environment research.The thesis has analyzed main control factors influencing regional geo-environment synthetically. On the basis of summarizing predecessors’ experience, the thesis has determined geo-environment quality assessment index system and established classifying standard, which aiming at the characteristic of geo-environment quality. Vector principal component analysis and paired-comparisons method have been adopted to sift and optimize assessment indexes. Hierarchy analytic process has been applied to find the weight of assessment indexes. According to the characteristic of assessment model, the thesis has adopted mainly expertise to quantify qualitative indexes, while quantitative indexes get their value through fuzzy membership function on the basis of classifying standard. According to the characteristic of regional geo-environment quality assessment, the thesis has chosen two kinds of simple and practical mathematical methods, fuzzy comprehensive assessment and information method to establish assessment models, and then the two assessment results have also been compared. The analysis module is developed with C++Builder6.0 software. Based on the development platform of MAPGIS6.5, the spatial graph database is established. By linking outside database, the property database is performed. Then GIS transfers the property database with interface, so as to achieve link between graph and property, thus forming spatial database. By middle data documents, the integration is accomplished between the assessment analysis module and GIS, thereby achieving transferring data of both sides and carrying on spatial analysis.Taking Hancheng City of Shaanxi province as example, the thesis has analyzed its geology environment background, chosen the main factors influencing geo-environment quality, and established the spatial graph database and property database of Hancheng City. Based on this system, the geo-environment quality of Hancheng City has been assessed, and the results show that the geo-environment quality can be classified into four classes: best, good, moderate, worst. So, it further indicates that the system is feasible and very practical and that the assessment models are rational.更多还原