【作者】 唐茂颖；

【导师】 罗强；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 边坡是自然或人工形成的斜坡,是人类工程活动中最基本的地质环境之一,也是工程建设中最常见的工程形式。作为全球性三大地质灾害之一的边坡失稳坍塌严重危急到国家财产和人们的生命安全。随着我国基础建设的大力发展,使得边坡工程研究在公路、铁路、水利、市政、土建、矿山等工程中占有及其重要的地位,特别是在地质条件复杂、人工边坡和自然边坡环境较为恶劣的西部地区,各类工程建设遇到的边坡工程问题尤为突出。因此,如何准确分析边坡的稳定与变形特性,以及提出既经济又安全的最优处治方案,是人们长期以来不断探索的关键技术问题。 边坡研究的基础理论是建立在土力学和岩石力学之上的,所以土力学和岩石力学的发展与成就决定了边坡工程研究的完善程度。20世纪50年代前后,边坡工程的研究尚属于土力学的研究范畴。对边坡的稳定性分析主要借鉴土力学中的圆弧滑动法、Bishop条分法、Janbu条分法和王复来分析方法等形成的极限平衡理论,这一理论是建立在刚塑性体模型基础上的极限破坏理论,也是古典土力学解决土质边坡稳定性的核心。而现代土力学研究边坡的稳定与变形特性主要致力于土体真实破坏过程的理论研究,这一理论研究可能首先要运用到损伤力学、细观力学和分形理论等现代力学分支,最后再完成对边坡破坏过程的数学模拟。20世纪80年代以后,由于计算机技术的发展及岩土力学性质研究的进步,各种复杂的数值计算方法广泛地应用于边坡工程研究。进入20世纪90年代,边坡问题的研究将传统的边坡工程地质学、现代岩土力学和现代数学力学相结合,形成了所谓的现代边坡工程学,从而给边坡的稳定与变形特性研究提供了新理论、新方法。 本文以土质路堑高边坡的变形特性为研究目标,拟通过离心模型试验来揭示土质路堑高边坡在开挖卸载过程中的变形特性及坡体应力的变化特点,分析土质路堑高边坡在土体参数(密实度、含水量)和结构尺寸(坡高)变化时的变形特性和虚拟力(人为控制坡面变形而产生的力)的变化特点,以及两者之间的关系。同时分析在坡体的开挖卸载过程中,正在开挖卸载的坡面对上下坡面的影响(通过坡面的变形及虚拟力的变化反映出来)规律,并希望能初步得出合理经济的支护条件。试验结果表明,增加边坡高度、提高坡体含水量和减小坡体的压实系数都会改变坡体的应力状态,加大边坡侧向位移和坡顶面沉降,降低边坡的稳定性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The slope, referring to the natural or artificial declibity , is one of the most basic geological environments in mankind engineering activities and the most familiar engineering form in the engineering constructions. The slope failure which is one of the global three biggest geological disasters imperil greatly the national properties and the people’ s livs. The slope researching occupies important position in highway, railroad, water conservancy, city construction, civil and the mining engineering and so on with developing greatly of our country infrastructure. The problems of slope engineering are very projecting during the different engineering constructions in the area of west where geological condition is complicated and condition of nature or artificial slopes are very vile. Therefore, how to analyze accurately the stability of the slope and posing an economical and safe plan is the key technical problem that the people investigate continuously for long time.The basic theories of the slope research establish on the basic of the soil mechanics and the rock mechanics, so the achievements and developments of the soil mechanics and the rock mechanics decide the perfecting of the slope research. During the 1950 s, the slope research belongs to category of the soil mechanics, the stability analyzing of slope mainly draw lessons from the equilibrium theories of extreme limit which made up of the arc glide method、 Bishop method 、 Janbu method and Wang Fulai method, this theory is breakage theory which build on the mode of the rigidity and plasticity, is also core which was used to solve the stability of soil slope by the classic soil mechanics. But the modern soil mechanics research the stability of slope through the theory which concentrates mainly on the true failure process of soil, the establishment of this theory may make use of the modern mechanics branches as follows: the damaging mechanics, the view mechanics, the fractal theory etc,finally, complete the mathematics emulation which show the failure process of the slope. After the 1980’s, various complicated digital calculation methods were broadly applied to the study of the slope because of the technical development of computer and the progress of research of the rock physical strength. At the 1990’ s, the research of the slope combine the traditional slope engineering geology, the modern rock mechanics and modern mathematics mechanics to form the so-called modern engineering of slope, thus providing new theories and methods for the stability research of the slope.This paper aim at the deformation characteristic of high slope of soil, revealing the characteristic of deformation and stress changing of high slope of soil during the unloading, analyzing the characteristics and relations between the deformationg of slope and the dummy force when the parameter of soil(p , co)change and the physical dimension (H) vary, meanwhile, analyzing mutual influence between the slope uninstalling and the others during the uninstall of the slope. Hoping to draw in a reasonable and economical shoring condition. The results of experiment show increasing height of side slope, enlarging moisture of soil and reducing density of slope will change stress state and reduce the stability of the slope.In this text, the new ideas lie in leading the centrifugal model tests as a way to study the deformation characteristic of the soil high slope. Realizing the systematic and thorough research for excavation-deformation-stress of the slope through the displacement designed by self-made. The study results can guide engineering practice, there are certain theries values.更多还原