【作者】 郭晓虹；

【导师】 彭迪云；

【作者基本信息】 南昌大学 ， 产业经济学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着中国经济的全方位对外开放以及向市场经济体制的逐步转轨,中国日益成为全球理想的投资地点之一,大量的外商投资流入中国尤其是条件较好的东部沿海地区。2002年,我国超过美国成为全球第一大引资国。不可否认,外资为我国的经济发展做出了不可忽视的贡献,成为我国经济发展的重要力量之一。 外资在促进我国经济发展的同时,也越来越对我国的经济安全构成了威胁。本文从外商直接投资的挤出效应、外商直接投资的产业结构问题和外商直接投资的区位分布三个方面阐述了外商直接投资对我国经济安全的影响。外资挤出效应的实证结果表明,在改革开放初期,由于我国资金匮乏,外资的适时进入弥补了我国的“投资缺口”,带动了内资的投入,促进了我国经济的发展;自1992年邓小平南巡以后,出现了外汇储备持续增加、国内储蓄不断增长和外商直接投资持续增加的内外资“双溢出”现象,外资已经从开始的弥补国内资金过渡到了直接替代部分内资。 在利用外资的政策上,我国是采取鼓励和限制相结合的政策,一方面给外资地区性的优惠政策,另一方面又限制外资进入某些产业领域,从而导致了我国在利用外资上的产业结构和区位投向的不合理。本文从FDI对我国产业的技术控制、行业控制、市场控制和环境破坏四方面说明了产业结构的不合理对我国经济安全的影响;从引进外资引起的地方政府间优惠政策的恶性竞争、区域经济差距扩大和少数地区外源型经济风险三方面说明了区位结构的不合理对我国经济安全的影响。而这种结构上的不合理,经过长期的强化作用,又使得外资对内资产生挤出效应。对三个不同时期的外商直接投资区位因素的实证分析表明,优惠政策对外商的区位选择具有相当大的作用,而各地区的市场规模也是决定FDI区位选择的重要因素。 本文最后从六个方面阐述在维护国家经济安全的前提下,如何更有效的利用外商直接投资。首先要全面实行利用外资的中性化政策,真正做到内资外资平等对待;其次利用外资的规模结构要合理;第三要调整外资进入的产业结构,维护国家产业安全;第四要优化外商直接投资的区位结构,促进我国区域经济协调发展;第五推动长期导向的内源型经济的形成,维护国家经济的安全性;最后把握金融渐次开放的步伐,慎重对待金融自由化。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the depth of economic reform and open door policy in China and the transformation of market-oriented economic system, China has become one of the most ideal investment places. In 2002,China exceeded America and became the number one country that absorbed investment. It’s sure that FDI contribute a lot to economic development in China and become the important strength in economic development.With FDI accelerated the economic development, it also threatened economic security increasingly in China. This paper demonstrates the influence of FDI to economic security by means of extrude effect of FDI , industrial structure problem and the location distribution of FDI. The empirical research of extrude effect of FDI demonstrates: the influx of FDI make up for "investment gap "at the beginning of economic reform and open door; foreign exchange reserve, domestic savings and FDI continually increased at the same time from 1992;FDI has crowded out domestic investment. Our country use encourage and restriction policies to absorb FDI. On the one hand we give privilege to FDI and restrict FDI flowing into some industries on the other hand. It leads to illogicality in industry structure and location distribution of FDI. This paper illustrates that the illogical of industry structure influence economic security from three aspects. They are technology management, market management and environmental disruption. It also tells us the illogical of distribute structure influence economic security. On the long run, this kind of illogicality leads that FDI crowd out the domestic investment. The empirical research of three different period of location determination prove: privilege policy play an important role in location determination, at the same time market scale also play an important role in location determination.How to make a good use of FDI? This is a very important economic security problem. This article tells us from six aspects. Firstly, implement neutral policy, that is to say be fair to FDI and domestic investment. Secondly, the scale and structure of FDI should be available. Thirdly, adjusts the industry structure of FDI and maintains the economic security. Fourthly, optimizes local structure of FDI and spurs the economic growth on. Fifthly, boosts the form of the endogenous economic. Finally grasp the pace of finance open and treat well of finance liberalization.更多还原