【作者】 罗峰；

【导师】 项继权；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 中外政治制度， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 长期以来,“人多地少”一直被视为中国农村和农业发展中的一个基本矛盾。对此,已经有不同的经典解释范式:“农业内卷化”、“高水平均衡陷阱”以及“过密化理论”等。然而,这些研究大都是从“人”的角度研究人地关系或人地矛盾,把人口增长作为人地关系和人地矛盾变化的自变量,很少从“地”的角度,从土地制度及土地资源的变化角度研究人地关系及人地矛盾的演化。本研究立足于中国人地矛盾的实际,遵循“制度规范人们行为,人们行为适应制度规范”的理论假说,揭示人地关系变化及人地矛盾的制度性根源。本文在比较中西农地制度下人地关系的基础上,重点梳理了建国后中国农地制度下人地关系的变化状况,揭示了人地矛盾不断恶化的农地制度因素。认为传统的集体所有、土地均分的农地制度刺激了人口的爆炸式增长,加剧了人口与土地资源的矛盾;而产权明晰的土地产权可以约束农民的生育行为、促使非农转移,从而缓解人地矛盾,土地制度成为人地关系及人地矛盾的重要影响因素。通过对中西农地制度与人地关系变化的比较分析,提出“裂变模式”与“聚变模式”,用以概括中西在农地制度与人地关系变化之间关联上的差异。最后,主张通过革新农地制度来改善人地关系、约束人口增长。更多还原

【Abstract】 For a long time, the fact of "more men, less land" has been regarded as a basic contradiction in Chinese country and agriculture development. There were kinds of different classical comment mode in this field, "Agricultural Involution", "High-level-equilibrium Trap", "Excess-density Theory". However, those researches mostly investigated man-land relation or man-land contradiction in terms of "human being", and took the increasing population as independent variable of changing man-land relation or man-land contradiction. Few researches studied the evolvement of man-land relation and man-land contradiction in terms of "land" or in terms of changing land system and land resource.This article bases on the reality of Chinese man-land contradiction, and follows the suppositional theory of "institution standardizes men’s behavior and men’s behavior adapt to institution". It indicates what the institutional roots of changing man-land relation and man-land contradiction are. And on the base of comparative analysis of man-land relation under the system of agricultural land between western and Chinese, it especially emphasizes the changing condition of man-land relation and man-land contradiction under Chinese agricultural land system after the Founding of PRC and discloses the agricultural land institutional factors of incessant worsen man-land contradiction.It thinks it is traditional collectivity-possession land system and average land distributing that stimulate the explosive increasing population and reinforce the contradiction of population and land resource. Moreover, it considers it is the definite property rights system that could restrict peasant’s procreate behavior and urge non-peasant on moving out of country to reach the intention of relaxing man-land contradiction. So the land system has become the important influencing factor of studying man-land relation and man-land contradiction.This article puts forward the theory of "Fission Mode" and "Fusion Mode" to summarize the difference association of agricultural land system and man-land relation between western and Chinese. At last, it advocates improving man-land relation and restricting the increasing population through innovating agricultural system.更多还原