【作者】 高琳琳；

【导师】 陈艳莹；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 产业经济学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着科学技术的发展,产品的复杂性越来越高,单个企业自行生产所有必需的零部件很困难。模块化作为一种分工高度细化的产物,在这种大环境下应运而生。在模块化生产方式下,产品技术创新的重心在零部件方面,往往出现由零部件企业带领整合企业进行技术进步的现象。模块化产业中的零部件企业创新具有“背对背”的竞争特点,这是因为模块的研发是一种“允许浪费”的价值创造系统,具有“淘汰赛”的激励效应。此外,零部件企业的创新具有半自主性。这是因为零部件企业的创新必须以一个统一的界面标准,即“看得见的设计规则”为依据。模块化产业中零部件企业的创新特点决定了其创新激励的重要决定因素——市场结构和与整合企业关系。 在考察市场结构对零部件企业创新激励的影响时,本文首先将寡头垄断与完全垄断市场中企业的创新激励作比较,分析竞争的增强对零部件企业创新激励的影响。在随后的分析中,我们将研究进一步拓展,分析竞争的进一步加剧对零部件企业的创新激励的影响。研究发现,零部件企业间的竞争可以削弱整合企业的制约,从而刺激了零部件企业的创新。但是,随着竞争的进一步加剧,竞争带来的创新溢出效应和零部件企业谈判地位的下降等带来的负面影响也将进一步加大,从而在一定程度上又将阻碍零部件企业创新。因此,只有适当的竞争才能有效地刺激模块化产业中零部件企业的创新。 零部件企业与整合企业的关系大致可分为紧密型和松散型两种。通过比较不同关系类型下零部件企业的创新激励,我们发现,当零部件企业与整合企业联系密切时,会产生关系专用性投资,从而会导致套牢问题。这在一定程度上会抑制零部件企业的灵活性,限制了零部件企业的创新激励。而零部件企业与整合企业的松散合作使得双方能及时交换产品信息,甚至能形成一定程度上的资源互补,加大了零部件企业创新成功的概率,从而降低了零部件企业创新的机会成本,从而刺激了零部件企业的创新激励。随后的分析中,我们以PC制造业和汽车制造业为例,考察了市场结构和与整合企业关系对零部件企业创新激励的影响,并在一定程度上验证了本文的结论。更多还原

【Abstract】 The appear of modularization solves the problem and makes the parts’ manufacturing firms more and more important in the development of products. The innovation of the parts’ manufacturing firms is a kind of "back to back" competition. At the same time, the parts’ manufacturing firms can’t decide how to innovate all by himself, they had to according to a "visible role" while innovate. The feathers of innovation make market structure and the relationship with assemble firms the important affecting factors of their innovation.When analyzed the affect of market structure on the incentive of parts’ manufacturing firms to innovate, we compared the incentive under monopoly and duopoly market to show the affect of increasing in competition on incentive to innovation. Then we studied as the competition become stronger, what would happen to the incentive to innovation. We find that at the beginning, competition between the parts’ manufacturing firms can weaken the restriction of assemble firms and stimulate the innovation. However, it can also lead to spillover effect and lower the status of parts’ manufacturing firms when negotiating with assemble firms. Hence only proper competition can stimulate the incentive to innovation of the parts’ manufacturing firms.The relationship of the parts’ manufacturing firms with the assemble firms can be divided into loose and tight. When compare the incentive to innovate under the two situations, we find that the tight relationship can lead to "relation specific investment" and "hold-up" problem which embarrass the innovation. However, the loose cooperation between the parts’ manufacturing firms and the assemble firms can make them exchange information and core resources in time, reduce the opportunity cost of innovation and accelerate the innovation. We use PC manufacturing and mobile manufacturing as the examples to verify our results of study.更多还原