【作者】 陈会娟；

【导师】 陈滨；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 能源的短缺以及其在开发与利用过程中的低效率及所造成的环境污染等问题正成为我国经济与社会可持续发展的重要制约因素。开发和利用可再生能源是实行可持续发展战略的重要措施。建筑是用能大户,发展低能耗建筑或零能耗建筑已经成为我国的一项重要任务。 太阳能建筑利用建筑自身的特性来满足或者部分满足人们居住和生活的用能需求,可大大缓解建筑用能压力。但由于其性能等原因,目前我国的太阳能建筑多用于农村住宅和中小学校舍。制约太阳能建筑发展的一个重要因素就是其昼夜温差大,室内热环境不稳定,不能提供一个长期舒适的生活空间。 本研究从建筑蓄热的角度,从理论和实验研究两方面对太阳能建筑中建筑热质对室内热环境的调节作用进行了深入探讨。所得结论可以作为太阳能建筑热质设计的参考,对于改善太阳能建筑的热性能,促进太阳能建筑的应用和推广具有一定的积极意义。 本文首先对轻质型被动式太阳能建筑进行温度场实测以及模型计算,通过两方面的研究得到如下结论:在相同工况下,冬季太阳能建筑室内温度能够高出普通建筑2～5℃;特朗贝墙体得热随着太阳辐照度的增强而不断增加,但在照度较强时可能出现热动力不足的现象,从而使其集热效率反而有下降的趋势;轻质型太阳能建筑昼夜温差大,不对称辐射温差明显。 而后,针对目前轻质型太阳能建筑存在的问题,作者又分别从实验测试和模型的理论计算两方面研究了重质型太阳能建筑的热性能。实验研究表明:夏季重质型建筑的热性能无论在夜间通风蓄冷还是南窗遮阳情况下均优于轻质型建筑。夏季相同工况下重质型建筑室内温度能够低于轻质型建筑1～5℃。同时对重质型建筑的模型解析计算结果显示,自然状态下室内与室外空气温度波动的最大相位差为6小时,且当室内热质的时间常数大于20时,增加热质将对室内环境影响不大,这说明只有合理的设计热质才能达到既经济又有效的结果。更多还原

【Abstract】 The shortage of energy, its low efficiency and the relating environment problem is impeding the development of our society. Exploiting and mutilating renewable energy has become an important stratagem for the sustainable development. Developing low energy buildings and zero energy buildings is a hard task for the country.Using solar energy to meet the living requirement of the dwellers, solar houses release the pressure of energy circus a lot. Many of the passive solar houses are used for school buildings and country homes. Yet the passive solar houses have something to overcome before they could be utilized for most people. One of the most important one is its comfortlessness brought by the large temperature range during a day and the unsymmetrical radiation temperature difference.The paper analyzed the thermal performance of passive solar houses with different thermal mass level though the theoretical and experimental way. The result could be used as a reference to the design of passive solar homes. It is meaningful for developing and spreading the utilization of solar homes.Firstly, the paper studied the thermal performance of passive solar houses with light thermal mass through the calculation and experiments. The conclusion is: the passive solar house with high thermal mass can increase the indoor are temperature by 2～5℃; Comparing to other factors, the solar radiation is the most important one, but when it increases intensively, the force only by stack is not powerful enough to drive the circulation. The range of passive solar house with light thermal mass is obviously distinct.Secondly, the author studied the thermal performance of passive solar house with high thermal mass in allusion to the problems of the ones with light thermal mass. The experiment al results showed that the houses with high thermal mass can reduce the temperature by 1～5℃ in summer. Meanwhile, the calculating results indicate that the maximal time lag of the indoor temperature is 6 hours, and when the time constant exceeds 20, it will remain steadily. This indicates that the thermal mass in the houses should be properly displaced in order to obtain a more ideal thermal condition.更多还原