【作者】 刁华丽；

【导师】 郭禾；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 软件测试是软件工程的一个重要阶段。随着软件工程的发展,软件设计规模的增大,软件测试的地位变得日益重要。测试用例的设计和编制是软件测试最重要的活动。测试用例是测试工作的指导,是软件测试的必须遵守的准则,更是软件测试质量稳定的根本保障。 目前,测试用例大多是由软件测试人员手动编写。因此,测试用例的质量完全取决于测试人员的水平。这就很难保证软件测试的质量,进而影响到整个软件产品的质量。因此,如何自动生成测试用例具有重要的现实意义。国内外,对于自动生成测试用例的研究主要集中在单元测试用例的生成上。主要以UML中的状态图为测试模型,生成针对类测试的测试用例。对于集成测试用例生成的研究,主要以UML中的通信图或顺序图作为测试模型。并且大部分研究处于理论阶段,真正投入使用的工具很少。随着UML的广泛应用,以UML中的设计模型作为测试的模型,具有重要的现实意义。 本文在总结前人研究的基础上,将UML通信图和状态图结合起来,共同作为生成测试用例的模型,用于集成测试用例的生成。该方法首先以通信图为依据确定进行集成测试的对象,然后对集成测试的对象的状态图逐步进行组合,形成既包含状态变化又包含对象之间交互的组合状态图。重点描述了两个对象或组件的状态图进行组合的方法,并给出了状态图的形式化描述,以及如何对组合状态图进行展开用于集成测试用例的生成。 为了检验该方法的实用性,作者实现了利用通信图和状态图共同生成测试用例的工具。并以实际项目为例,对该方法进行了验证。结果表明,该方法是可行的。该方法将系统的设计和测试用例的设计统一起来,是对软件测试自动化的一个探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 Software testing is an important part of Software Engineering. With the development of software, software becomes larger and’larger. Then, software testing becomes more and more important. Design of test cases is the most important thing in software testing. Test cases are the director and guide lines in testing. What more important, it is a base safeguard of software quality.At present, most test cases are written by testers. Therefore, the quality of test cases completely depends on tester’ capacity. On this point, it is difficult to ensure the quality of software testing. Furthermore, it will influence the quality of software product. Therefore, it is significant in application that how to generate test cases automatically. At home and abroad, research on generating test cases focused on test cases for unit testing. Research on integration testing starts before long. It is mainly based on Communication Diagram or Consequence Diagram. What’s more, most researches are in theory. The developed tools for using are scarce. With the widely use of UML, it is very significant in application that generate test cases based on UML models.In this paper, a model for generating integration test cases is brought up based on Communication Diagram and State-chart Diagram after studying the formers’ research. The t objects for integration testing are confirmed according to Communication Diagram at first. Then State-chart Diagrams for them are combined step by step. The most important among these is how the State-chart Diagrams are combined. Then a formalized State-chart Diagram is given. And how are equivalent states extended for generating integration testing cases.At last, a tool is developed for generating integration test cases from Communication Diagram and State-chart Diagram. After this, an example is specialized in how the tool is used. It proved to be feasible. It unified system design and use cases design. It is a new direction for software testing automatically.更多还原