【作者】 韩冰；

【导师】 胡光；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 科学进步问题是西方科学哲学极为关注并激烈讨论的问题之一。自1962年科学哲学家库恩发表《科学革命的结构》一书以来,当代西方科学哲学越来越关注科学的发展,科学发展问题成了科学动态研究的核心问题。而真正能代表科学发展的就是科学理论。因为对于科学本身而言,科学理论是它完成和成熟的阶段,同时,科学理论又是科学认识的新起点。 本文通过对西方科学哲学关于科学理论发展模式问题的深入研究,吸取其精华,指出在科学认识的实践中,科学理论进步的过程经历科学理论的产生、科学理论的增长、科学理论的变革三个阶段。首先,科学研究开始于问题,有了问题就需要制定能解决问题的方案,即发明一个科学的假说。如果该问题在这个假说中得到解释和说明,我们就建立起一个真正的科学理论。新理论产生伊始,必然会面对不同学派、不同观点的质疑、争论,通过不同观点激烈地争论,新理论得到进一步地确证,内容也不断地丰富和完善。为了使新理论的适用范围越来越扩展,应用领域越来越大,运用理论的归并原则和对应原理,把旧理论归并到一个更大的理论系统中,从而使科学理论的增长进入高级阶段,公理化阶段,它是科学理论系统化的一种必然结果。当公理体系达到相当完善的阶段后,理论家们往往希望用形式化的方法使公理体系更精致,推理能力更强,更能发挥科学理论的认识功能。但事与愿违,越是形式化的公理体系发现其理论的局限越大,出现矛盾的可能性越大,这就为科学理论变革,即公理体系的变换提供了契机,也就是提出了新的科学问题,使科学认识进入到一个新的境界。这个过程就是科学理论进步的过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 The problem of scientific theory progress is one of the core problems of science and philosophy of science in western. pays close attention to it. Since T. Kuhn published 《The Structure of Scientific Revolutions》 in 1962, contemporary western philosophy of science is more and more concerned about science development. The problem of scientific progress has become a core problem in dynamic research about science. A central content of the science development is the progress of scientific theory in fact. Scientific theory is not only the accomplishment symbol, but also the new starting point of science itself.The paper studies the scientific theory development pattern of western philosophy of science and absorbs its quintessence. Point out three stages of progress process of scientific theory: scientific theory generation, scientific theory growth, scientific theory revolution in the practice of scientific cognition. Firstly, scientific research begins with a question. It is necessary to plan a resolution to solve the question, namely so called scientific hypothesis. If the scientific fact is explained by the scientific hypothesis in this stage, we will set up a really scientific theory and this is scientific theories generation. When the new theory generates, it will meet dispute and doubt of different schools and points. By intense science dispute, the new theory is confirmed deeply and its content is rich and perfect. In order to expand the scope and applied fields, merge the old theory into a bigger theory system by the merge and correspondence principle of theory. So scientific theory generation develops into senior stage: axiomatic stage. It is undoubtedly result of scientific theory systematization. When axiomatic system reaches a fairly perfect stage, theorists hope axiomatic system more abundant by formalization method. But things develop in the opposite direction when axiomatic system is extremely perfect and the limitation is bigger. This will offer a chance for scientific revolution and lead to changes in axiomatic system. Put forward a new scientific question and bring scientific cognition into a new stage.更多还原