【作者】 周柏春；

【导师】 戴艳军；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 行政管理， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 由于科学技术对社会发展和提高国家竞争力发挥越来越重要的作用,科技政策在世界各国的公共政策中越来越占有核心的地位。科技大国的科技政策在其科技发展中的作用是一个值得关注的问题。美国建国200多年,世界科技革命的核心从第二次世界大战后由欧洲向美国转移,至今美国无论从R&D投入上或者是从科技产品的产出上都已经成为世界上首屈一指的科技核心大国。美国科技政策的跃迁对美国的科技发展发挥了重要的影响。研究和回答美国科技政策跃迁给美国科技发展带来的机遇,对于20世纪以来受到举世瞩目的、正在崛起的中国科技发展具有重要启发意义。 本文首先对科技政策的内涵作了基本界定。指出基本国情是制定科技政策的基础;分析了科技政策研究的现状即科技政策内涵更加丰富、力求从历史和国际化的视角考察科技政策变革的动因、注重基础理论问题分析;对美国科技政策跃迁的意义进行了阐释。其次,对美国科技政策跃迁进程进行了系统地梳理,将美国科技政策跃迁分为四个时期,即奠基时期、初步形成时期、调整改革时期和逐步形成时期。再次,着重分析了美国冷战后的政策跃迁,即美国科技政策由于战略环境的转变而发生的战略目标、战略重点的转变,对美国科技政策跃迁的本质和进行了剖析,即试图解决社会的基本矛盾矛盾、维护少数人或垄断集团的利益、调节和振兴市场经济,进而分析了美国科技政策跃迁给美国带来的益处。最后对我国科技政策的发展进行了简要回顾,并做以简单的评价,指出其在经济与社会发展过程中的重要作用,同时指出存在的欠缺,结合美国科技政策跃迁和我国国情提出自己的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 For the science and technology play more and more important function in the social development and national competition. the Policies of Science and Technology processes the center station in the public policy of every country all over the world. the Policies of Science and Technology of great country always is a worthy problem in the development of the science and technology. US has established 200 years ago, the center of science and technology revolutionary transfer Europe to US in the world from second world war, now, US becomes the greatest country of science and technology in R&D invest and the output of technological production in the world. In this process, the transition of the policies of science and technology of US play important influence to the development of U.S. science and technology. So we study and find the opportunity which was brought by the policies of science and technology of U.S. and its transition to the development of science and technology of U.S, will have great heuristic meaning to the development of science and technology of China who is more and more important in the world since 20cn.Firstly, this dissertation defines the conception the policies of the science and technology and its transition. It points the situation of a country is the basic of the establishment of the policies of science and technology, this dissertation expounds the development of the policies of the science and technology of U.S systemically, and divides it into four periods: the period of laying a foundation, the period of accidence form, the period of adjust and reform, the period of forming gradually. Thirdly, it points out that the change of strategic goal and keystone of the policies of U.S science and technology is because of the change of its strategic environment; and this paper analyses the essence of this transition, indicates the essence is try to solving the connatural contradiction in capitalism, guaranteeing the benefit for the minority and the group of monopoly, and indicates the limitation of it. The paper analyses the background of establishing science and technology policy in China, and bring my own forward advice by combine the experience of the policies of science and technology in US and the situation in our country.更多还原