【作者】 刘丹；

【导师】 王少新；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 船舶与海洋结构物设计制造， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 自1965年Zadeh教授创建模糊集理论,模糊控制技术得以迅速的发展并在工程中得以广泛地应用。模糊控制技术之所以具有如此强大的生命力,是因为它具有其他控制方法不可替代的优点:其一是不需要被控对象的精确数学模型;其二是控制速度快、鲁棒性好,模糊控制的上升特性比其它控制方法好;其三是模糊控制本身具有预测功能,这一功能可以从模糊控制规则中体现出来。模糊控制规则来源于专家的经验知识,任何一个专家在制定某个计划和控制策略的时候,都是在对未来有充分的估计和预测的基础上制定出来的,因而可以说模糊控制本身就具备预测功能,这点相比于其它控制方法是最为难能可贵的。 模糊控制也是一种以模糊集合论、模糊语言变量以及模糊逻辑推理为数学基础的新型计算机控制方法。由于它不依赖于被控对象的精确数学模型,而是模拟人的思维方式来实施控制,因而对于中小型船用锅炉的控制就具有了传统PID控制所无法比拟的自适应能力。 本论文首先根据船舶锅炉的工作原理,通过对锅炉汽包水位和蒸汽压力的动态特性的分析,得到锅炉汽包水位和蒸汽压力调节对象的模型,并通过一定的假设和简化,得到汽包水位和锅炉蒸汽压力近似数学模型。然后对锅炉的汽包水位、蒸汽压力控制算法进行了深入地分析。针对锅炉这种具有非线性、参数不稳定、难以建立精确数学模型的控制对象,采用传统的PID控制,效果不佳。结合模糊控制理论和PID控制,本文提出用模糊自适应PID控制器实现对船用锅炉蒸汽压力的控制。 本论文应用MATLAB对模糊参数自适应PID控制器的锅炉蒸汽压力控制系统模型进行仿真研究。并利用MATLAB仿真工具对模糊自适应PID控制器的性能作了初步研究。仿真结果表明,明显优于传统PID控制,具有超调量小、过渡时间短、稳定性好、适应性强等特点,能够达到预期的控制效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 1965 professor Zadeh founded fuzzy sets theory, the fuzzy control technology have been developed rapidly and used widely in the project. Fuzzy control technology has so powerful life, because it has some other control technology can’t substitute excellence: first it don’t need the exact math model of the controlled object; the second is that the controlled speed fast, robust better, arise character better than other control method; the third is the fuzzy control itself has the forecast function, this function can exhibit in the fuzzy control rules. Fuzzy control rules origin from the knowledge of the experts, any expert establishes certain plan and stratagem base on the sufficient estimate and forecast, so can say that the fuzzy control itself has the forecast function, this is more excellent than the other control technology.Fuzzy control is also a new computer control method base on the fuzzy sets, fuzzy language and fuzzy logic reasoning. Because it don’t depend on the exact math model of the controlled object, but imitate the thinking way of man to control the object. So it has more self adapting capability than traditional PID control, when use in middle and small marine boiler control.First the thesis base on the marine boiler principle of work by analyses the dynamic property of boiler drum water level and steam pressure, get the adjust object model of boiler drum water level and steam pressure, and through certain suppose and predigest, get the approximate model. Then the thesis lucubrate the arithmetic of boiler drum water level and steam pressure. Aim at the controlled object —boiler has nonlinear, parameters instability, and uneasy to establish mathematic model properties, so use the traditional PID control, the control effect is not good. The thesis combines the fuzzy control and PID control to bring forward use fuzzy self adapting for PID to control the steam pressure of boiler.The thesis use MATLAB to simulate the fuzzy self adapting for PID to control the steam pressure of boiler system. And use MATLB simulik tool to analyses the capability of fuzzy self adapting for PID controller. The simulation results show that it is more excellent than the traditional PID control, and it has overshoot small, transition time short, stability good, adaptability well properties. The simulation results show it can attain the anticipate control effect.更多还原