【作者】 沈端良；

【导师】 荣兆梓；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 经济学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 “三农”问题是指农民问题、农村问题和农业问题,在整个国民经济快速成长的过程中,一些长期困绕农业和农村经济发展的深层次矛盾并没有根本解决。同时由于农村内外部各种环境和条件的变化,又产生许多的新情况和新问题。这些问题被综合概括为“三农”问题。“三农”问题关系到中华民族的伟大复兴,关系到全面建设小康社会的伟大目标的实现。本文着重探讨农村经济发展问题,我认为农村经济发展构成我国经济发展和经济繁荣的基础,农村经济发展及其理论问题,也是近年理论界研究的热点难点问题。本文运用现代经济学的分析方法,立足于政治经济学的基本视角,从发展和贫困两个维度,认真审视了当前制约我国农村经济发展的三个问题。本文共分五章: 文章首先摘录了近年来农村经济的文献、观点,并作了评述。 其次,论述了土地制度安排和农村经济发展的关系。本文认为,在解决农村经济问题的过程中,土地制度安排的变迁和创新应该被放置在较为优先的地位。目前,我国土地承包制合乎理论逻辑和实践要求,进一步改进和创新的方向是将土地承包权物权化。而土地承包权物权化的制度变迁要求国家通过供给法律、法令来确立起制度的基本形态。在进一步完善现行土地制度的制度创新实践中,国家的政策取向就显得十分重要和关键。 第三章论述了工业化在农村经济发展中的重要作用,以土地的一个外生的“制度变迁”来换取工业化的内生发展。借鉴“南海模式”的成功经验,在农村经济发展和农民脱贫致富的“两难折衷”的过程中,各地只要能够结合当地实际,完全能够找到一条符合自身经济情况的可持续的发展路径。这其中最为重要的带有普适性的经验又是:必须要将土地制度安排的变迁与农村工业化的启动有机结合起来,必须以前者启动和全面驾驭后者,进而还要在此基础上设计外围配套的系列制度安排和引致相应的制度变迁。 当代巨大的经济业绩告诉我们,物质资本更多的不是直接地通过控制劳动来创造经济剩余,而是间接通过人力资本控制劳动本身以创造更多的经济剩余。如果马克思的时代是物质资本单独控制劳动创造经济剩余,现在的时代则是物质资更多还原

【Abstract】 The "San Nong" problem refers to the problem of peasant, village and agricultural. In the entire process of fast growing national economy, some long-term and deep level contradictory, which puzzled the rural economic development, hasn’t been solved. At the same time, because of all kinds of internal and external change of environment and the condition, many new situation and problems appear. These problems are called "San Nong" problem.Rural economy development forms the foundation of economic development of our country and the economic prosperity and connects with whether the great rejuvenation and the great goal of the comprehensive construction well-off society of Chinese nation could realize. Rural economy development and theoretical question is a hot and difficult problem that the theory circle studies in recent years too. This text uses the modern economics analytical method, basing on the basic visual angle of political economy, linking two directions of development and poverty, examining closely 3 questions of development at present restricting of our country rural economy. This text divides to five chapters.The article extracts the document and view of the rural economy in recent years and comments it at first.Secondly, this text explores the relationship between land system and rural economy development. This text think that changes and reforms of land system arrangement should be put in prior status during the process of solving rural economic problem. At present, our country land contract system conforms to theoretical logic and practiced requirement. The direction of further improvement and reform is the right real right of the land contract. It requires the country to establish basic shape of system through providing the law and the decree. The national policy orientation seems very important in the practice of improving the system innovation of the current land system.Chapter three expounded that industrialization is important in the rural economy development. It gains industrialized endogenous development in a piece of external " system change " of the land. It can find sustainable development route that accords with one’s own economic conditions by utilizing successful experience of " the South China Sea mode " for reference during "facing a difficult choice and trading off" of rural economy development and peasant shake of poverty, so long as all parts can combine local reality. A most important and general experience is that changes of land system arrangement must be combined with the industrialized of countryside, the former must start and control the latter in an all-round way, and design peripherally related serial system arrangement and cause corresponding system changes on this basis.The contemporary enormous economic achievement tells us that material capital does not create economic surplus through controlling labor directly but through controlling manpower capital indirectly. If Marx’s era is that the material capitalcontrols labor to create economic surplus alone, present era is that material capital and manpower capital control labor to create more economic surplus together. The growth of the manpower capital is limited by the restriction of the system itself besides the working condition.Chapter four illuminates the fostering of rural market and the building of system. The fostering and promoting of the rural market is an important means to improve peasant’s income level. The difficulty in China’s rural market open-up and question in the national economical operation of our country are the inevitable outcome of rural market’s delay. In order to solve the problem of our country in economic operation, instead of just staying in " opening up " or " developing " of the rural market, we should go on further investigate and discussion and hold of the reality that rural market development lags behind. We should take practical measure actively to arrange the" cultivate of rural market " in a planned way, promote the cultivation of the rural market through changes of land system arrangement, and realize the coordinated development of national economy. Only if we do these, we could solve the deep contradiction in the economic evolution of our country fundamental. We must develop and foster the rural market in a more cost-effective manner and offer the sustainable support platform for rural economy development.Finally, in the transformation period from our country’s planned economy to socialistic market economy, the development of the rural economy is depends on the support of the policy. We must consider short-term and long-term, technological aspect and system aspect, so as to take full advantage of the rural policy-supporting structure’s effect of fully develop function of supporting structure adjusting and controlling, advancing of the rural policy wholly, key-point breakthrough of the system and function of" picking up the neglected and to supply the deficient".更多还原