【作者】 李静；

【导师】 沈海涛；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 国际政治， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 驻韩美军无论对于美国而言,还是对于东北亚各国而言,无论过去、现在、还是未来,都具有十分深远和广泛的战略意义。数十年来,驻韩美军作为对美国利益至关重要的亚太地区前沿军事部署的一部分,美国一直将其视为半岛乃至东北亚地区局势的“稳定器”和美国对这一地区安全义务的象征。伊拉克战争结束后,美国开始加快推进旨在增强美军海外驻军机动性的战略性大调整。亚太地区取代欧洲成为美军事战略的重点。因此如何调整美国在亚太地区的驻军,尤其是素有“引爆线”之称的驻韩美军,成为东北亚各国关注的焦点。当前驻韩美军进行的重新部署,可以说是朝鲜战争结束以来最大的调整。它不仅是朝鲜战争以来历次调整的继续,更是对过去的超越。既是美国新军事战略的体现,又是因应当前朝核危机的产物。调整后的驻韩美军基地将成为美军国在东北亚乃至亚太地区最前沿的快速反应中转站,成为美国构建亚太地区安全网和加强本土战略基地与战略前沿地带联系的最关键和最重要的一个环节。调整驻韩美军近期目标主要是针对朝鲜半岛,但其远期目标却是整个东北亚,其基本任务主要是以武力震慑朝鲜, 使之不敢对韩国发动武装入侵,同时对中国、俄罗斯等国在东北亚地区的军事力量进行牵制,保护美国在东北亚的国家利益, 维护地区稳定。考虑到当前伊拉克战争刚刚结束,朝鲜半岛正处在由朝鲜核问题而引发的深刻危机之中, 此时美国调整其朝鲜半岛军事基地和战略部署,将对冷战后原本脆弱的东北亚均势局面产生深远的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is of profound and wide strategic significance for the US to have its armed forces stationed in South Korea in the past, at present or in the future. For decades, US armed forces in South Korea, as part of the frontal military deployment of the Asian-Pacific region which is vital to the US interests, have been regarded by the US as the “stabilizer”of the situation of the Korean Peninsula and even the Northeast Asian region and the symbol of the US safe obligations in this area. Since the end of the Iraqi War, the US has begun to accelerate the strategic adjustment aiming at strengthening the maneuver of its overseas garrisons, with the Asian-Pacific region replacing Europe to become the key of its military strategy, in which how to adjust the US armed forces in the Asian-Pacific region, particularly the US armed forces in South Korea, which have been called the “fuse”, has been the focus of concern of Northeast Asian countries. At present, it can be said that the redeployment of the US armed forces in South Korea has been the greatest adjustment since the end of the Korean War. The base of the adjusted US armed forces in South Korea will become the most frontal rapid-response transfer station of the US armed forces in the Northeast Asia and even the Asian-Pacific region and the most key and important circle of the US establishing the security network of the Asian-Pacific region and strengthening the contact between the mainland strategic bases and the strategic frontal belts. Compared to the past adjustments of the US armed forces in South Korea often presented and exercised in the relative relaxing period of the situation of the Korean Peninsula, the difference is that the adjustment at this time is made in the period when the North Korean nuclear crisis has bee continuously intensified. In such a sensitive period, the US armed forces in South Korea takes no further action but withdraws all actions, which arouses the wide attention of various countries. Beginning with the study on the dynamic information of the current adjustment of the US armed forces in South Korea, the paper makes an intensive analysis of the content, tasks and causes of the adjustment of the US armed forces in South Korea and the prospect of the US armed forces in South Korea, and finally comments on the impacts that the adjustment of the US armed forces will give. The whole paper is divided into six parts. In the Introduction, the historical roles of the US armed forces in South Korea in the US Northeast Asian security strategies are given a brief comment, with the significance of study on the current adjustment of the US armed forces in South Korea presented. In Part 2, the introduction and analysis of the content and basic tasks of the current adjustment of the US armed forced in South Korea is made, mainly including the introduction of the basic situation of the US armed forces in South Korea prior to the adjustment and the analysis of the content of the current adjustment of the US armed forces in South Korea and its basic tasks after the adjustment. Firstly, the three points of the basic situation of the US armed forces in South Korea prior to the adjustment, including the origin of the US armed forces in South Korea and the deployment of military strength of the US armed forces in South Korea and its main tasks prior to the adjustment. Secondly, the concrete content of the current adjustment of the US armed forces in South Korea, mainly including the following three points:reduction of the number of soldiers and the scale of the base, transfer of most of fighting missions to South Korea and upgrading and construction of military equipment. Finally, the basic tasks of the current adjustment of the US armed forces in South Korea are analyzed, with the two basic ones after the adjustment of the US armed forces in South Korea pointed out. The first is to strengthen the all-round containment of North Korea and efficiency of the anti-strike of the US armed forces in advance. The second is to take the chance to expand its force in the name “dynamic defense”and construct the systemized strategic space in order to attain the aim of seizing the leadership of the Asian-Pacific region. In Part 3, the causes of the current adjustment of the US armed forces in South Korea, with the factors of the US, North Korea and South Korea mainly analyzed. Firstly, viewed from the factor of the US itself, it aims at adapting to the transfer of the security strategy of the US, including the transfer of the US global military strategy and the ideas of the US and its alliance. Secondly, viewed from the factor of North Korea, it aims at upgrading the capabilities of response the US armed forces to the crisis and improving the security coefficient of the US armed forces. Finally, viewed from South Korea, it aims at reducing the military differences between the US and South Korea and the South Korean anti-US emotions. In Part 4, the prospect of the US armed forces in South Korea is analyzed. This part focuses on the problems of whether the US armed forces in South Korea will remain or withdraw out of the Korean Peninsula in the future. Firstly, the vision of the US on the US armed forces in South Korea is introduced. On the one hand, the US thinks that the US armed forces in South Korea is the basis of containing North Korea and the effective means of keeping the center of the Korean Peninsula and the Northeast Asian regionstable and assuring the impact and control of the US in this region. On the other one, the US thinks that the Korea Peninsula with the prominent strategic position will continue to be the geo-political focus of Northeast Asia even if the reconciliation and reunification of South Korea and North Korea are realized. Therefore, it has trended to be the open and common US policy to continue keeping the US armed forces in South Korea. Secondly, the attitudes of both South Korea and North Korea towards the problem of the US withdrawal are introduced. As far as South Korea is concerned, the US armed forces in South Korea have always been a problem over which there are many disputes. Although the anti-US emotions of the South Koreans are in high rise, viewed from South Korea, the high-level decision-makers of South Korea thinks that the US armed forces in South Korea is the assurance of making South Korea acquire great interests, improving the international status of South Korea and keeping the special relations between the US and South Korea. For North Korea, the US armed force in South Korea is its chessman of acquiring greater interests. Therefore, the attitudes of North Korea and South Korea provide the possibility for keeping the US armed forces in South Korea. In Part 5, based on the above analysis, the possible impacts that the adjustment of the US armed forces in South Korea will give are analyzed and predicted. The following four aspects are mainly analyzed. The first is the impact of the current adjustment of the US armed forces in South Korea on the military strategy of the Korean Peninsula. The second is the impact on the crisis in the Korean Peninsula. The third is the impact on the relations between the US and South Korea. The fourth is the impact on the regional relations of the Northeast Asia. The final part is the conclusion of the paper. It is pointed out that theadjustment of the US armed forces in South Korea in the Korean Peninsula shows the strategy of “retreating in order to advance”that the US has begun to carry out, whose purpose is by no means to impair or abandon the impact of the US as “the most key external force of determining the future of the Korean Peninsula”in the Korean Peninsula but to achieve the greater military and political flexibility and initiative.更多还原