【作者】 秦广超；

【导师】 张兴法；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 化学工艺， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 对磷石膏和氯化钾制取硫酸钾溶剂法工艺进行了研究。考察氨溶液体系影响反应过程氧化钾收率的主要因素,优化后的工艺条件为氨水初始浓度35%、反应温度5℃、反应时间60min、液固比6.5:1和物料配料比1.05:1,氧化钾收率90%左右,产品质量尚未达到有关标准。 基于某些有机溶剂能改善反应体系状态促进反应进行,考察了甲醇等有机溶剂对反应过程氧化钾收率的影响,其中甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇和丙酮均能有效地提高氧化钾收率。 分别考察氨—甲醇、氨—乙醇、氨—异丙醇和氨—丙酮溶液体系在不同条件下的氧化钾收率,实验结果表明,氨—异丙醇溶液体系有利于改善工艺条件、提高氧化钾收率。其优化后的适宜工艺条件为氨初始浓度30%、异丙醇浓度7%、反应温度20℃、反应时间60min、液固比5.5:1和物料配料比1.05:1,氧化钾收率达到95%以上,产品硫酸钾质量达到农用一级品,副产品氯化钙达到工业合格品。该工艺过程简单,操作条件温和,溶剂经回收后循环使用。 对氨和氨—异丙醇溶剂在反应过程中的作用进行了理论探讨,旨在研究完善溶剂法工艺理论。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, some technical conditions of producing potassium sulfate with phosphogypsum and potassium chloride by adding proper solvent are studied.Some main variables affecting the yield of potassium oxide are researched in ammonium solution. The optimized reaction conditions are: initial ammonia solution 35%(wt), reaction temperature 5℃, reaction time 60min, weight ratio of solution to phosphogypsum 6.5 : 1, and mol ratio of phosphogypsum to duple potassium chloride 1.05 : 1. At which the yield of potassium oxide is about 90%, and the quality of the obtained potassium sulfate can not reach related standards.Based on some organic solvents can improve the property of reactant in reaction system and accelerate the rate of reaction, some organic solvents, such as methanol etc, are added into the reaction system, and their effect on the yield of potassium oxide are studied. Results show that methanol, alcohol, isopropanol and acetone can effectively enhance the yield of potassium oxide.The yield of potassium oxide in different reaction system of ammonia-methanol, ammonia-alcohol, ammonia-isopropanol and ammonia-acetone are investigated respectively. Results show that ammonia-isopropanol is the most proper solvent to improve the technical conditions and enhance the yield of potassium oxide. The optimum technical conditions are: initial ammonia solution 30%, isopropanol 7%, reaction temperature 20℃, reaction time 60min, weight ratio of solution to phosphogypsum 5.5 : 1, and mol ratio of phosphogypsum to duple potassium chloride 1.05 : 1, the yield of potassium oxide is over 95%. The quality of the obtained product also reaches related standards, the producing process is simpler and the operational condition is milder than others. Additionally, the solvent can be recycled and reused.In the end, in order to perfect the theory of technology, the actions of solvent that affect solubility of reactant are studied,更多还原