【作者】 周玉波；

【导师】 史铁钧；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 材料学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 电纺是利用静电驱使聚合物溶液（或熔体）喷射形成聚合物纤维的过程。电纺纤维具有直径小、表面积大和多孔等优点,具有极大的应用价值,目前已成为研究的热点。本文制备了PEO（聚氧化乙烯）电纺纤维、SiO₂/PVA（聚乙烯醇）杂化电纺纤维和尼龙66电纺纤维,重点研究了工艺条件对电纺纤维分散形态和结晶性能的影响。 将聚氧化乙烯（PEO）水溶液在不同的工艺条件下进行电纺,制备了PEO纤维。用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究了电纺纤维的分散形态和直径。结果表明:纤维的分散形态和直径主要是由浓度、电压和固化距离等因素综合作用的结果。降低溶液浓度,提高静电压和增加固化距离均会使纤维变细。其中,浓度是最关键的因素。用差示扫描量热法（DSC）和X射线衍射（XRD）研究了电纺纤维的结晶性能。电纺纤维与原粉相比,电纺使纤维难以结晶,结晶度下降。 用溶胶-凝胶（Sol-Gel）法和电纺技术制备了不同二氧化硅含量的SiO₂/PVA（聚乙烯醇）杂化电纺纤维。XRD表明杂化电纺纤维的结晶度与纯PVA电纺纤维相比变小,这是由于形成了网状结构。FTIR证实了PVA的羟基与正硅酸乙酯水解后的羟基发生了缩合反应,杂化电纺纤维是以网络结构形式相结合的,这与上面的XRD分析是一致的。场发射电子显微镜（FESEM）表明PVA/SiO₂（质量比）为4比1时,纤维光滑,分散比较均匀。随着二氧化硅含量的增加,直径变细,纺锤形珠节结构增加。加入金属盐NaCl和MgCl₂后,纤维直径变细,圆形珠节增多,且部分纤维发生了断裂。 将尼龙66/甲酸溶液在不同工艺条件下进行电纺,制备了尼龙66电纺纤维。FESEM研究了尼龙66的浓度、电压和固化距离等工艺参数对纤维表观形态和直径的影响。降低溶液浓度,提高静电压和增加固化距离均会使纤维变细。其中,浓度是关键性参数。XRD研究了电纺纤维的结晶性能。尼龙66电纺纤维结晶度比尼龙66颗粒的结晶度要低的多。电压对结晶度有影响,电压上升结晶度降低。更多还原

【Abstract】 Electrospinning is a process for utilizing electrostatic forces on the surface of a polymer solution or melt to produce fibers. Because electrospun fibers were fine, resulting that high specific surface area and porosity which led themselves to a wide applications. Recently, electrospinning already became investigative hotspot. In this paper, poly（ethylene oxides） electrospun fibers, poly（vinyl alcohol） hybrid electrospun fibers and nylon 66 electrospun fibers were prepared. Our studies focused on dispersing morphology and crystallization property of electrospun fibers in different technological parameters.PEO/water solutions were electrospun in different technological parameters to prepare superfine nanofibers. Dispersing morphology and diameter of electrospun fibers was characterized by SEM which was affected by the concentration, the voltage and the distance between two electrodes. Electrospun fibers gradually became fine if the concentration was reduced, the voltage was increased and the distance between two electrodes was boosted. In all parameters, the concentration was the key factor. Crystal property of electrospun fibers was characterized by DSC and XRD. Compared with PEO powder, electrospun fibers were difficult to crystallze, whose crystallinity was declined.Different silica contents of Poly（vinyl alcohol）/Silica hybrid fibers had been prepared by Sol-Gel process and electrospun technique. XRD indicated that crystallinity of hybrid electrospun fibers declined comparing with pure PVA electrospun fibers, which was because of forming net configuration. FTIR showed hydroxyl in PVA condensed with hydroxyl of hydrolyzing Tetraethoxysilane, fiber material was existed with network configuration. This was accord with XRD analyse. FESEM revealed that when PVA/SiO2 （mass ratio） was 4/1 ,the fibers smoothed and uniformed . With increasing of silica content, fibers diameter became fine and spindly beads increased. The fibers diameter became fine, round beads increased and a part of fibers occured rupture after adding electrolyte NaCl and MgCl₂.Nylon 66 fibers were prepared from solutions with formic acid in different technological parameters via electrospinning. Dispersing morphology and diameter of electrospun fibers was characterized by FESEM which was affected by theconcentration, the voltage and the distance between two electrodes. In all parameters, the concentration was the key factor. Electrospun fibers gradually became fine if the concentration was reduced, the voltage was increased and the distance between two electrodes was boosted. Crystal property of electrospun fibers were characterized by XRD, which indicated nylon 66 fibers crystallinity declined. Crystallinity was also affected by voltage, which was declined if voltage increased.更多还原