【作者】 史铭儡；

【导师】 李玉；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 生态学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究在2003年至2004年,以吉林省黑土玉米田土壤为研究对象,采用稀释平板法、土粒淋洗法和土壤平板法三种分离方法,对吉林省榆树、德惠、长春和公主岭四市的108份黑土玉米田土样进行土壤真菌分离,从中分离出131个菌株,并进行了鉴定,同时对部分地区的土样进行了区系及生态特性研究。 区系研究主要从土壤真菌的优势属,土壤真菌数量和属、种的季节动态,土壤真菌数量和属、种的垂直变化分布等方面做了分析和讨论。 生态特性主要研究了不同肥力下黑土土壤在玉米一个生育期内真菌数量与6种环境因子(土壤含水量、土壤pH值、土壤有机质、土壤速效氮、土壤速效磷及土壤速效钾)之间的相关性及不同耕作施肥措施下黑土玉米田土壤真菌区系的变化。 分类研究初步鉴定出25个属,55个种,4个变种。其中14个种是吉林省新记录种。即25个属分别是Acremonium Link枝顶孢属、Alternaria Nees链格孢属、Arthrobotrys Corda.节丛孢属、Aspergillus(Mich.) Link曲霉属、Beauveria Vuill.白僵菌属、Circinella sp.v.Tiegh.et Monn.卷霉属、Cladosporium Link枝孢属、Curvularia Boed.弯孢属、Epicoccum Link附球菌属、Exophiala Carm.外瓶霉属、Fusarium Link镰孢属、Geotrichum Link.地霉属、Humicola Traaen腐质霉属、Kabatiella Bub.球梗孢属、Mucor Mich.ex Fr.毛霉属、Myrothecium Tode漆斑菌属、Neurospora Shear et Didge.脉孢菌属、Paecilomyces Bain.拟青霉属、Papulaspora Preuss.丝葚霉属、Penicillium Link青霉属、Phialophora sp.Medlar.瓶霉属、Pythium Pringsh.腐霉属、Rhizopus Ehrenb.根霉属、Scopulariopsis Bain.帚霉属和Trichoderma Pers.木霉属。59个种分别是Acremonium killense Gr(?)tz.、Acremonium strictum w.Gams点枝顶孢、Alternaria alternata(Fr.)Keissl.链格孢、Arthrobotrys superba Corda.华丽节丛孢、Aspergillus sydowii(Bain.et Sart.)Thom et church.聚多曲霉、Aspergillus carnus(v.Tiegh.)Thom.肉色曲霉、Aspergillus niger v.Tiegh.黑曲霉、Aspergillus terreus Thom var.aufeus Thom & Raper.土曲霉金色变种、Aspergillus flavus Link: Fr. var. flavus黄曲霉原变种、Aspergillus melleus Yukawa.蜂蜜曲霉、Aspergillus penicilloides Speg.帚状曲霉、Aspergillus puniceus Kwon & Fenn.更多还原

【Abstract】 From 2003 to 2004,108 black soil samples of corn crop were taken from Yushu,Dehui,Changchun and Gongzhuling。 We used three kinds of isolating methods(Thin liquid plate method、 Soil particle washing technique and Soil plate method ),131 Isolates obtained were identified. The partial soil sample mycobiota and ecological characteristics were studied.Mycobiota studies were focused on soil fungi quantity、 genus and species distribution of black soil corn crop . The varity of soil fungi quantity of black soil corn crop in different films were studied,the varity of genus and species in different films were studied,too. We analysed and discussed seasonal variation and veritical distribution of black soil fungi.Ecological characteristics preliminary studied the movement of black soil fungi number and the relationship with 6 kinds of environmental factors(Water contents,pH, available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available postassium and organic matter) through the timing of the corn growing.And studied the varity of black soil mycobiota in different fertilizational black soil.On the basis of morphological observation, we identified as 25 genera,55 species and 4 varieties of fungi. 14 species are the new recorded species in Jilin. 25 genera, Acremonium Link、 Alternaria Nees、 Arthrobotrys Corda.、 Aspergillus (Mich.) Link、 Beauveria Vuill.、 Circinella sp.v.Tiegh. et Monn.、 Cladosporiwn Link、 Curvularia Boed.、 Epicoccum Link、 Exophiala Carm.、 Fusarium Link、 Geotrichum Link.、 Humicola Traaen、 Kabatiella Bub.、 Mucor Mich. ex Fr.、 Myrothecium Tode、 Neurospora Shear et Didge.、 Paecilomyces Bain.、 Papulaspora Preuss.、 Penicillium Link、Phialophora sp.Medlar.、 Pythium Pringsh. 、Rhizopus Ehrenb.、 Scopulariopsis Bain, and Trichoderma Pers.. 59 species ,Acremonium kiliense Grutz.、 Acremonium strictum W.Gams、 Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl.、 Arthrobotrys superba Corda.、 Aspergillus sydowii (Bain.et Sart.)Thom et church.、 Aspergillus carnus(v.Tiegh.)Thom. > Aspergillus niger v.Tiegh.^ Aspergillus terreus Thorn var.aureus Thorn & Raper^ Aspergillus flavus Link:Fr.var.flavus> Aspergillus melleus Yukawa. > Aspergillus penicilloides Speg.> Aspergillus puniceus Kwon & Fenn^ Aspergillus fumigatus $res.^ Aspergillus ustus (Bain)Thom & Church., Aspergillus ochraceus Wilh. x Aspergillus versicolor (Vuill.)Tirab.var.versicolor^ Aspergillus terricola March, x Beauveria brongniartii (Sacc.) Petchu Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.) Link var.lablab SacCx Cladosporium carpophilum Thum.> Cladosporium tenissimum Cooke.^ Curvularia lunata (Walk.) Boed., Epicoccum purpurascens Ehrenb.^ Exophiala jeanselmer (Langeron) McGinnis^ Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, Fusarium moniliforme.vax.intevmedium> Fusarium merismoides Corda^ Geotrichum candidum Link.> Humicolagrisea Traaen.y Humicolafuscoatra Traaen.^ Kabatia microsticta Bubak.N Mucor hiemalis Wehmer.x Myrothecium roridum Todex Neurospora crassa Shear et Dodge^ Paecilomyces marquandii (Mass.) Hughes.^ Paecilomyces varioti Bain. > Paecilomyces inflatus (Burnside) Carmichael. x Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thorn)Samson. ^ Papulaspora equi Shadomy & Dixon.> Penicillium citrinum Thorn. > Penicillium decumbens Thorn. > Penicillium nigricans (Bain.) Thorn, x Penicillium purpurogenum stolid Penicillium corylophilum Dierckx^ Penicillium citreomigrum Dierckx.^ Penicillium rubrum Stolid Penicillium implicatum Biourge^ Penicillium thomii Maire.> Penicillium spinulosum Thorn, x Penicillium islandicum Sopp.> Penicillium waksmanii Zal., Penicillium restrictum Gilm.et Abbott, n Penicillium janthinellum Biourge.> Pythium acanthophoron Sid. x Pythium caroliniarum Matth. x Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Lind. ^ Scopulariopsis canadensis Morton & Smith. > Trichoderma atroviride P.karsten,Finl. and Trichoderma harziamum Rifai,MycoLThe results of mycobiota studies showed that Penicillium and Aspergillus is the main genus.The seasonal variation of soil fungi quantity of black soil corn crop in different films is different.There are more fungi in the topsoil(0-20cm deep) than in the subsoil layers(20-40cm deep), the composition of fungi in topsoil and subsoil horizon of all plot s is different.The results of ecological characteristics studies showed that the water contents have straight relationship with the soil fungi numbers in soil layers of normal fertilization soil, it isdifferent from nonfarm soil and CK soiland.In nonfarm soil,the organic matter have straight relationship with the soil fungi numbers, but the soil fungi numbers have negative relationship with the water contents.更多还原