【作者】 张充；

【导师】 韩星焕；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 吉林省是我国重要的粮食产区和商品粮基地,多年来,粮食总产量、粮食调出量均居全国首位,为保障国家粮食安全、保持社会稳定做出了巨大贡献。为促进农业发展,吉林省一直对农业进行支持与保护,这使得农业综合生产能力和农民生活水平不断提高。然而,在我国农业发展进入新阶段,特别是加入WTO后,吉林省农业发展的外部环境发生了重大变化。一方面国内农产品买方市场逐渐形成,导致吉林省农产品卖难现象不断发生;另一方面,入世后吉林省农产品开始直接面对国外农产品的激烈竞争,而农业国内支持政策要受到WTO规则的约束,这对吉林省的农业生产、农村劳动力转移、农民收入、农产品进出口贸易、农业经营管理体制和传统的农业支持与保护政策体系都造成较大的冲击。在这种情况下,有必要站在建设我国粮食安全战略基地的高度,在剖析WTO《农业协议》中国内支持规则的基础上,深入分析吉林省农业国内支持现状,总结吉林省入世前后农业国内支持的经验,提出在世界贸易组织的框架下中国农业国内支持政策的调整建议,使之既能有效地促进国内农业发展,又能享受应有权利并承担相应义务,为构建有效的国内农业宏观管理体系提供政策决策的理论依据,从而推动我国农业在新的国际环境下能够健康顺利地向前发展。 要在WTO框架下对吉林省农业国内支持进行针对性研究,就必须了解WTO有关国内支持的一般原则,必须深入分析吉林省农业国内支持的水平、方式和效率,在此基础上制定出合理有效的、符合WTO规则的农业国内支持政策。基于以上思路,本文采用定性和定量相结合的方法,对WTO框架下的吉林省农业国内支持进行了系统的实证研究,以期为吉林省农业国内支持政策的改革与调整提供科学依据。从研究内容上看,本文可以分成以下几个部分: (1)本文界定了农业国内支持的范畴,并按照WTO规则,将农业国内支持政策分成两个方面:一是对生产和贸易产生扭曲作用的政策称为“黄箱”政策,;二是政府通过服务计划提供的、没有或仅有最微小的贸易和生产扭曲作用,费用由纳税人负担而不是从消费者转移而来的支持措施,以及不具有给生产者提供价格支持作用的补贴措施,乌拉圭《农业协定》称为“绿箱”政策。 (2)在详尽阐述农业支持与保护的理论依据的基础上,结合吉林省省情,本文从保障国家粮食安全、继续发挥农业正外部性、弥补农业弱质性和提高农业竞争力四个方面,对吉林省农业国内支持的客观必要性进行了分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Jilin province is both the important main area that produces grain and the biggest marketable grain base that exports commodity grain. It provides plentiful sources of commodity grain to ensure the grain safe and make the society sable for the whole country in many years. For making it develop stably, agriculture has been intervened and supported by governments in Jilin province. Agricultural comprehensive productivity and rural incomes have been raised significantly. However, during the new stage for Chinese agricultural development, the surrounding which Jilin agriculture develops in has changed greatly, especially after China’s WTO Accession. One hand, farm produce buyers’ market comes into being in china, so it is difficult for Jilin farmers to sell the grain. On the other hand, Jilin’s farm produce face the drastic competition from the overseas produce. Nevertheless, domestic agricultural support and protection is limited by WTO rules. It has caused great impact to agriculture in Jilin province, follow as agriculture output, the rural employment of labor force, peasant income, the international trade of agricultural products, agricultural management system and the traditional domestic agricultural support policy system. Under the situation, it is indispensable for building the grain bases to examine the WTO Agreement on Agriculture criteria for domestic support, to analyze the status quo of agricultural domestic support in Jilin, make a summary of historical experience, study on the reforming and adjusting the agricultural support and protection policy. Then it classifies the criteria which we can use and which we should avoid. At last it puts forward possible suggestions on China’s agricultural domestic support policy adjustment. These policies adjustments will make us get the right and fulfill the obligation better and stimulate the development of agriculture under this new international framework. The structure of this paper are as followed:If we want to research how to support and protect our agriculture after China’s WTO Accession, we have to clarify the item of WTO and rules of agricultural produce trade; explore the successful experiences of other countries; quantify the effect, level and efficiency of the current agricultural support and protection in Jilin. Based on this foundation we may make a positive study on the agricultural support and protection in Jilin in the WTO framework through quantifing the current condition. Based on this, we hope we can provide a set of measures to policy makers. This research can be divided into several parts:(1) According to the rules of WTO, we define the concepts and scope of agricultural domestic support as: Firstly, we call them as Amber Box policy that distort the agricultural production and trade. Secondly, we call them as Green Box policy that doesn’t distort the agricultural production and trade, will improve the relationship between agriculture and other industries and will promote them to develop harmoniously.(2) Based on elaborating the theoretical basis, this article researches the objective necessity of agricultural support and protection in Jilin, such as: ensure the china’s grain safety, improve the outer public interests, remedy the agricultural weakness and enhance the international competitiveness of farm produce in Jilin province.(3) The core of this research is the positive analysis on "Amber Box" and "Green Box" measures. In the course of analyzing the "Amber Box" policy, we use some means such as AMS and institution vicissitude etc to study the effect of the price support policy and price subsidy of agricultural means of production. Moreover, when we study the "Green Box" policy, we compare the structure of Jilin’s "Green Box" policy with the China’s and the whole world’s average level. On the basis of this, we quantify the unstability of every "Green Box" policy through computing the entropy. Above analysis indicate that the structure of "Green Box" policy is not very reasonable and efficient.(4) At last, this research puts forward some suggestions such as: increase the level of Amber Box support to the Jilin’s agriculture, change the negative protection into positive state; increase the investment to agricultural scientific research, adjust the structure of it; build a system of quality monitor to insure the quality of agricultural product in Jilin; establish a stable and fair relationship between the production areas and sale areas, decrease the Jilin’s fiscal press of grain storage; augment the investment to rural education, open up the resource of labor as fast as possible; reinforce the rural public service system through increasing the investment to the agricultural institutions.更多还原