【作者】 齐春艳；

【导师】 孙长占；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 以东北稻作区当前的生产条件为基础,以便于农民操作和推广应用为前提,初步探索强化栽培技术体系在东北稻作区的可行性。 试验于2003年在吉林农业大学水稻生产实验基地进行,试验设定两个因素,即密度和移栽叶龄,每个因素4个水平,种植密度:A为50cm×50cm（4万穴/hm²）;B为30cm×30cm（11万穴/hm²）;C为30cm×18.5cm（18万穴/hm²）;D为30cm×13.3cm（25万穴/hm²）。移栽叶龄:2叶、3叶、4叶、5叶,分期播种,同期单本移栽。随机区组设计。从插秧返青后,间隔7天一次跟踪调查水稻的形态指标;15天测定植株体各器官干物质积累情况;在各主要生育期测定叶绿素含量,在灌浆期测定净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间CO₂浓度;水稻收获后进行考种,并进行产量方差分析和回归分析,结果表明: 4、5叶龄秧苗素质优于其它叶龄和对照。各处理生育期随着密度和叶龄的减小,推迟天数逐渐增加,播种—齐穗期的历时天数逐渐渐少,表现为生育进程明显加快。 各处理在7月5日前,无论在何种密度下,株高均是5叶>4叶>CK>3叶>2叶,这是由叶龄的秧苗素质差异引起的。但随着生长发育的进行,株高增长速度加快,4叶龄在各密度处理下的株高比其他叶龄和对照低;D密度下各叶龄处理的株高与A接近,但低于B、C密度和对照; 单株最高分蘖数随着密度的增加而逐渐降低,基本表现为A>B>CK>C>D。分蘖成穗率A>CK>B,且降低幅度为B2>B3>B5>B4。C密度下的分蘖成穗率C4>C5CK>C3>C2,D密度下各叶龄处理不仅单茎分蘖潜力受到限制,成穗率也不高。单位面积分蘖动态分析表明无论采取几叶龄移栽,其最终群体分蘖数均低于对照,其中A密度最低,B密度次之。2叶龄在生育前期D2>C2>B2>A2,但随着生长发育的进行,C2>D2>B2>A2,3叶龄与2叶龄具有相同趋势;4叶龄除D4在生育中期略高于对照外,其他密度在全生育期内均低于对照,5叶龄在各密度下始终低于对照。另外,各密度的分蘖高峰期均比对照明显延后,延后程度A>B>C>D。 密度对单丛叶面积的制约要比叶龄明显。随着密度的增大,单丛叶面积随之降低,A>B>CK>C>D,且各叶龄表现出相同的趋势。2、3叶龄单丛叶面积在生长前期的增长速度要慢于4、5叶龄,而后逐渐以后发之势与4、5叶龄和对照同步进而超越它们的增长速度,生育后期仍具有较高的叶面积。从总体来看,随着插植规格的增加,LAI逐渐减小（但叶龄因素对这一趋势稍有干扰）,LAI出现的高峰期除D4、D5与对照相近外,其余更多还原

【Abstract】 Base on Northeast of China’s rice production condition, making peasantry’s operation and generalize more convenient as purpose, research the feasibility of System of Rice Intensification （SRI） generalized in rice production of Northeast of China.Experimentation was took at Jilin Agriculture University’s rice product experiment base, setting by two factors: the density and the foliar age when transplanted ,every factor has 4 level ,plant density :A 50cmx50cm（40 thousand aperture/ hm²）;B 30cmx30cm （110 thousand aperture/ hm²）;C 30cm×18.5cm（ 180 thousand aperture/ hm² ）;D 30cm×13.3cm（250 thousand aperture/ hm² ） . the foliar age when transplanted:2 leaf、 3 leaf、 4 leaf、 5 leaf, planted by stage ,transplanted at a same time. Designed by randomized block. Every 7 days alternated take a track investigate at dynamic growth statue of rice since turning green rice seeding ; mensurate the plant dry matter accumulation status every 15 days ; and mensurate chlorophyll（Chl） content in each rice main growth , net Photosynthetic rate、 stomatal conductance、 transpiration rate、 Intercellular CO₂ concentration（Ci） at the rice grain filling stage ;After harvest, yield components and grain yield were analyzed ,and progressed analysis of variance and regression analysis on yield, result shows:The seedling quality of 4、 5 foliar age is obvious better than others and the comparison, as the decrease of the density and foliar age, delayed days were gradually increased. days spending since planting to full heading stage were decrease gradually, the growth course being quicken obviously .Before July 5,the stem length was array as 5 foliar age>4foliar age>3 foliar age>2 foliar age under every density condition, that was caused by the quality of seedling .but as the growth, the increase of stem length was fasten .under every density ,the stem length of 4 foliar age seedling was lower than other foliar age seedling and the comparison; under the condition of disposal D, every foliar age seedling’s stem length was resemble to disposal A, but lower than disposal B、 disposal C and the comparison.The most individual tiller number lower gradually with the increase of density ,array as A>B>CK>C>D, percentage of productive tiller array as A>CK>B and reduce extent is array as B2 > B3 >B5 >B4; percentage of productive tiller shows C4>C5>CK>C3>C2 under Density C; for Density D ,every foliar age seedling not only the potential of simple stem tiller ability been strict ,but also the percentage of productive tiller is not high. Dynamically analyzing the unit area shows that taking what ever foliar age transplant, the tiller number of finally group all lower than the comparison, Density A the lowest, Density B the secondplace ,2 foliar age at the beginning of growth shows D2>C2>B2>A2,but with the proceed of growth, C2>D2>B2>A2,and 3 foliar and 2 foliar show the same trend;4 foliar age was all lower than the comparison in the hole growth and development period under other density, except Density 4 which in the middle growth lower than the comparison. And the fastigium of the tiller under every density is obviously delay than the comparison, the delay extent is A>B>OD.It was obviously that density restrict the single cave’s leaf area more than the foliar age. with the increase of density , the single cave’s leaf area reduced, A>B>CK>OD, and every foliar age represent at the same trend, the single cave’s leaf area "s growth speed of 2^ 3 foliar age was lower than 4^ 5 foliar age at the beginning , and gradually make the same speed as 4, 5 and the comparison, exceed them at the last, even have a higher leaf area at the evening of growth . on the general ,as the seedling numbers per hm2 increasing, LAI reduced gradually（but foliar age factor have a little interfere to this trend） .As the fastigium of the LAI value ,except D4n D6 was simulate to the comparison others disposal were all have some delay compares to the comparison. And with the seedling numbers per hm2 increasing, transplanting foliar age decrease and the delay days also increased , this result is show the same rule as the single cave general leaf area.For the infection to the plant dry weight accumulate, the density obviously more than the foliar age. As the increasing of density, dry weight accumulate of single cave was reduce gradually , the way of dry weight accumulate is different between colony and single ,as the increasing of planting seedling per hm2,the dry weight accumulate in unit area is reduced gradually ,Density A> B is obviously lower than the comparison, Density C> D have no big different than the comparison. It shows the same trend between each foliar age disposal’s single cave and unit area. By the increasing of foliar age in the beginning of growth, the dry weight accumulates also increased. And except 5 foliar age have a relative reduce, but also can show the same trend, 4 foliar age have a relative predominance than others.The net weight of Rice single root is increasing and then reduced with growth , describe as unimodal curve ,Under the same density ,with the increasing of foliar age at the beginning of growth , the net weight of root is increasing .the comparison faster than the disposal, and the net weight root of Density A. B> C were obviously higher than the comparison at the middle and evening of growth , the increasing root net weight of the comparison was slow down since the heading period, while the each foliar age disposal still increasing. Between different transplant foliar age ,2> 3 foliar age have an strong potential, but the increasing speed of the root net weight slow down fleetly, The root net weight dynamic accumulate of the same foliar age shows that lower than the comparison at the beginning of growth ,and higher than the comparison at the middle and evening of growth . A) B) C) CK) D, the trend of the root volume increasing and root net weight is similitude.Before June 21, except A5<A4, every other disposal all shows that The same foliar age with the increasing of foliar age, the net assimilation ratio also rise ,but all lower than the comparison, with the growth ,2> 3 foliar age gradually catch on^ 5 foliar age, and being the same level approximately before harvest. CK<2 foliar age <3 foliar age <4 <5 foliar age, Onthe general ,4 foliar age have a relatively higher net rate of photosynthesis. After June 21,Density A> B under each foliar age higher than the comparison all the time . Density C> D reduced very fast and lower than the comparison after Oct.3The relative rate of growth is increasing with the foliar age reduce at the beginning of rice growth , 2>3>4>CK>5,Under each Density the same foliar age ’s trend is resemble, with the growth of rice ,the relative growth rate of 2, 3 foliar age were gradually approach 4, 5 foliar age and then lower than it, embodiment the middle and large seedling *s growth dominance, the relative growth rate of same foliar age under each density shows abnormity at the beginning of growth,and with the increasing of density ,the relative growth rate is gradually reduce since June 21 around .the relative growth rate obviously higher than the comparison of each foliar age under Density A > B.The Photosynthetic rate of each disposal all higher than the comparison , under the same density shows A3>A2>A5>A4, B4>B3>B5>B2, C4>C5>C3>C2, D5>D4>D3>D2 .the same foliaj age under different density shows A2>B2>C2>D2, A3>B3>C3>D3, B4>A4>C4>D4, A5>B5>D5>C5, Each disposal ’s stomatal conductance all high than the comparison , Intercellular CO2 concentration（Ci） all similar to the comparison except under Density A, in that case its lower than the comparison obviously, each foliar age under the same density , Intercellular CO2 concentration（Ci） all shows that 4 foliar age is higher except B4 lower than others foliar age . each disposal all higher than the comparison ,B2-5 the highest. In general ,4 foliar age ’stranspiration rate under each density is all higher than others foliar age .Yield analysis of variance shows , the density factor effect the yield most .and different between foliar age is no prominence, the production of individual bunch list as A>B>CK>OD, the production per hm2 list as C4>C3>C5>CK>,and other disposal also show that with the plant seedling number increasing the production per hm2 reduced. On the condition of this experimentation, the production of rice most effect factor is the number of productive tiller （r=0.99）,others factor effect the production inconspicuousness.the pertinence of density, foliar age and the character of yield shows that, the density is obviously negative correlation with tillers/cave （r= -0.904, p<0.01）, obviously positive correlation with numbers of tiller/ m2（r= 0.86354, p<0.01）,obviously negative correlation with ear length（r= -0.85942, p<0.01）,obviously negative correlation with the heavy kernel number/tiller（r= -0.5189, p<0.05）, obviously negative correlation with the yield/cave（r= - 0.89643, p<0.01）, obviously positive correlation with yield/hectare （r= 0.82488, p<0.01）;the foliar age effect on tiller number/cave> tiller number/ m2> ear lengtliN heavy kernel number, yield/cave, yield/hectare is not very obviously ;and the density and foliar age with immature grain number> thousand kernels weight, maturing rate does not exist the pertinence.更多还原