3S架构下的地质灾害灾情风险评估原理、方法与系统集成技术研究

【作者】 汪洋；

【导师】 郭跃； 赵纯勇；

【作者基本信息】 重庆师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 地质灾害灾情风险评估是实现区域环境可持续发展的重要一环,它的主要作用是帮助我们弄清区域地质孕灾环境和区域社会经济状况的时空耦合关系,同时通过一定的技术方法求取在可能孕灾条件下目标评价区域对地质灾害系统的数量响应特征。风险概念的引入是因为我们认识到地质灾害系统是一个动态、多相、非线性系统,借助于风险概念我们就可以以定量的方式来取得地灾系统的完全描述,这对认识地质灾害的发生、发展和对人类社会的影响规律是大有裨益的,其最终目的是使我们的防灾、减灾活动有的放矢,从而为政府相关决策部门提供辅助决策手段、方法和依据。 地质灾害灾情风险评估的最终效果取决于两个方面:首先是对地质灾害系统是否建立了完整、清晰的概念模型,这种概念模型反映了我们对地灾系统的理性认知深度和广度。其二是是否能找到在现有技术条件下可行的评价模型来描述地质灾害系统并使用一种准确高效的方法和手段来实现评估的集成化处理。结合这两个地质灾害系统的关键性问题,本文展开了相关研究工作。在第一个方面,本研究站在前人研究成果的基础上作了一些概念层次的逻辑梳理,总结出了相关的地灾系统的逻辑语义描述,并在此基础上作了地灾系统的概念模型构成分析。在第二个方面,考虑到地质灾害系统特别是区域地灾系统是一个与空间域高度相关的语义元素,结合近年来地理信息科学风起云涌的撑起了与空间信息相关学科的大旗,本研究便以GIS技术(地理信息系统)为主体,结合RS(遥感)和GPS技术展开了地质灾害灾情评估的方法论研究。总体上来讲,本次研究取得的成果可以概括如下: (1)开展了地灾系统的多视角分析,结合风险评估基本原理探讨了地灾风险评估的逻辑思路和技术路线,并同时进行了地灾系统的构成性分析。 (2)取得了针对地灾系统的风险评估多元属性描述和特征描述,得到了地灾系统风险评估比较清晰的语义模型和概念组织方法。 (3)从语义模型、数学模型、空间分析模型三个方面总结了地灾系统评价的一般模型。 (4)找到了在3S(GIS、RS、GPS)环境下实现地质灾害灾情评估的一般技术路线和实现步骤,为评估工作的自动化、集成化、可视化处理奠定了技术基础。 (5)以地理信息系统为基础探讨了地灾灾情风险评估在GIS环境下的系统集成方式。 (6)结合3S技术,开展了一个滑坡地质灾害灾情风险评估的实例研究,取得了预期效果。同时探讨了在GIS环境下空间数据的可视化表现问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 The risk assessment of geological hazard(RAGH) is one of the most important content to support the sustainable development of region enviroment,whose main function is to extract the space-time hookup relationship between the inducing condition of rigion geological harzard and the social economy situation, beside this, another purpose of RAGH is point to caculate out the quantitive response characteristic of target accessing region under the condition of posssible geological hazard by some certain kinds of technology.The reason for using concetp of risk ascribed the geological hazard system is do a dynamic、 multi-councillors、 non-linear complicated system.,by means of the risk notion we can guantitively discribe the geological system completely,this will do a great contribution to cognitive the regulation of geological hazard process.other more ,the utimate objective of RAGH is to find out the direction of harzard precautions and harzard reducing,thereby offering some kinds of tactics and approachs to the associated governmental decisionmaking departments.The ultimate effect of RAGH decided by two aspects: First,whether or not did we established the notion model of geological harzard completely and clearly which reflect the depth and scope of our rational cognitive to geological hazard system. Second,whether or not did we found out some kinds of accessing model to discribe the geological harzard system and utilizate certain kind of accurate、 efficiente technical modus to actualize the corpus data processing. According to this two key problems of RAGH,this paper launched; associated study work .At the first aspect,this paper did some logical carding standing on the conceptual layer,then sumed up some semantic logical discribing of associated geological harzard system.,at last analysed the notion model of that.At the second aspect,pondered that geological hazard system especailly the region geological hazard system is a spacial information field high correlated semantic element,and allowed for geographic information science had made a rapid progress recent years,this study taking the GIS technology as the main methodology,bonding with the RS and GPS technology as well conduct the RAGH study .Totally say,the main scientific pay-off of this paper could include as follows:(1) Developed a muti-visual-angle analysis for geological hazard system,conjoined the basic rudiment of risk accessment, this paper explored the logical way of thinking and technical route,beside this this paper discussed the construction character of geological hazard system as well.(2) fetched the mutivariate discription and trait discription of geological hazard system,and then gained the clear semantic model and concept organization modus of geological harzard system.(3) Through the three aspects: semantic model、 mathematical model andspacial analysis model this paper concluded the genneral models for geological hazard risk accessment.(4) Found the gerneral technical approachs and realization step for RAGH out in 3S environmental,this will establish the groudwork of RAGH automatically > corpuslly and visualizely.(5) Based on 3S technology this paper discussed the corpus approach of RAGH.(6) Using 3S technology /this paper lanuched a case study of RAGH,obtained the expected resultat the same time,this study disscussed the visualization method for hazard correlated spacial data in 3S environmental.It is proved by practice that in comparison with the RAGH based on paper map, the 3S-based RAGH is faster and more effective. Coordinating with appropriate assessment model it can replace the traditional method of RAGH so as to improve the efficiency and the accuracy of risk assessment of geographical hazards. The result shows that the combination of 3S technology with risk accessment model is effective in RAGH. Then, the RAGH advances further in modelized, quantified and modernized direction.更多还原