【作者】 闫建文；

【导师】 李宁；

【作者基本信息】 西安理工大学 ， 岩土工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 爆破是岩质边坡开挖过程中最主要的破岩手段。岩体爆破是一个受力情况极为复杂的过程。由于岩体性质的复杂性、爆破条件的多变性和测量手段的局限性,使得人们对岩体爆破开挖缺乏足够的了解。同时,开挖爆破施工对边坡的稳定性有着很大的影响。因此,研究高边坡开挖爆破技术,具有很强的理论意义和现实意义。 本文通过对边坡爆破震动的系统测试分析,探索爆破震动波的传播规律,结合拉西瓦峡谷高山陡坡,高地应力等工程实际,研究探索适合该具体工程的预裂爆破和深孔梯段爆破的优化参数和爆破网路,提出了切实可行的减震降震爆破措施。主要取得了以下成果: (1) 确定了拉西瓦高边坡深孔预裂爆破参数与梯段爆破参数; (2) 研究提出了该边坡的开挖爆破的爆破网路; (3) 分析预测了该边坡的深孔梯段爆破开挖的规模; (4) 确定深孔梯段爆破开挖的规模; (5) 提出了深孔梯段爆破的安全控制标准。 研究结果表明,爆破震动是可以控制的,只有认识其爆振波传播与衰减规律,采取一系列装药与布孔控制措施,就可达到减少爆破震动,改善爆破效果,才有利于高边坡开挖爆破稳定性的效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is the major way to blast the rock mass during rock slope excavation, but it is also a complicated process. Because of the complexity of the rock mass, the changeable blasting condition, and limitations of the measurements, it has not enough understanding on blasting excavation, whereas the excavation itself will severely affect the stability of the rock slope. Based on the mentioned above, the research will be meaningful on theory and application.Based on the systematic measurements and analysis of vibration of the slope rock during blast, the propagation characteristics of the blast wave are studied. The optimized parameters and the blasting net are investigated for preshearing and deep hole step-by-step blasting for the Laxiwa project. Then, the workable shock absorption measures are proposed. The detailed results are as follows:1.The parameters for deep hole preshearing blasting and step-by-step blasting are determined for the Laxiwa project;2.The net is put forward for the rock slope excavation;3.The dimensions are forecast for step-by-step excavation;4.The dimensions are determined for step-by-step excavation;5.The security control standard is proposed for the deep hole step-by-step blasting.The research shows that the blasting vibration can be controlled using a series of net and amountof blasting material control measures, under the condition of understanding the propagation characteristics.更多还原