【作者】 刘军和；

【导师】 贺达汉；

【作者基本信息】 宁夏大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 斑潜蝇（Liriomyza）是一类主要危害蔬菜和花卉的重要害虫,造成农作物严重受害。国内多数省份已摸清斑潜蝇的种类及发生规律,宁夏尚属空白。对宁夏斑潜蝇的发生与防治研究,将对宁夏农业的生产具有重要的指导和参考意义。本文作者于2003年9月至2005年1月对宁夏蔬菜种植区的斑潜蝇进行了系统调查研究,主要研究结果如下: （1）宁夏斑潜蝇种类识别,调查表明:宁夏现已发现危害蔬菜花卉的斑潜蝇（Liriomyza）种类4种:美洲斑潜蝇（Liromyza sativae）、南美斑潜蝇（Liriomyza huidobrensis）、豌豆斑潜蝇（Liromyza bryoniae）、葱斑潜蝇（Liriomyza chinensis）,其中南美斑潜蝇为宁夏新记录种类。 （2）斑潜蝇的生物学特性及其消长规律:宁夏露地葱田葱斑潜蝇4月下旬开始发生,以后逐渐上升,盛发期在7月中下旬。在瓜叶菊上采集的美洲斑潜蝇卵、幼虫、蛹和全世代的发育起点温度分别为8.5℃、9.8℃、10.2℃、10.4℃,有效积温分别为52.7、75.8、158.5、262.2日·度。瓜叶菊上美洲斑潜蝇一年发生7代。南美斑潜蝇在瓜叶菊、翠菊、黄瓜和豌豆上的发育历期长短顺序为黄瓜>翠菊>瓜叶菊>豌豆,而羽化率顺序却为豌豆>瓜叶菊>翠菊>黄瓜。 （3）南美斑潜蝇在寄主植物菜豆上的空间分布型:南美斑潜蝇在蚕豆植株上的分布基本上符合负二项分布,均为聚集型。据水平和垂直分布研究结果,美洲斑潜蝇在危害高峰期以前,以植株的中部及中部以下的虫道密度较大,显著大于中上部及上部,其中又以下部最为突出,中下部及下部仍占全株的60%以上,上部仅占40%。 （4）混合发生危害及其防治技术:菜豆上美洲斑潜蝇、南美斑潜蝇、豌豆斑潜蝇的数量比约为3∶2∶1,斑潜蝇混合发生区防治指标为1.5头/叶。 （5）斑潜蝇蛹的耐寒性分析:随着在低温下持续时间的延长和温度的降低,美洲斑潜蝇蛹死亡率升高,存活率降低,在-15℃美洲斑潜蝇的存活率为0。说明美洲斑潜蝇在银川地区不能越冬。 （6）对蔬菜梅豆危害损火分析:斑潜蝇危害菜豆叶片面积与光合作用指标作多元回归模型分析可得到如下结论: 模型估计结果为 Y=-12.82-3.50X₁+17.36X₂-0.17X₃判定系数R²=0.984,F检验值F=21.093,说明拟合优度高、显著性强。更多还原

【Abstract】 Liriomyza is a kind of important pest that mainly endangered the vegetables and flowers, its physique is light, form easy to obscure, it becomes harmful seriously in every spot .Of our country other province has fond out Liriomyza kinds and occurence regulation, but Ningxia still belongs to the blank.so, studies on emergence and preventing and curing is significant to the development of the agriculture of Ningxia to the spot of Ningxia. This text investigated and studied the Liriomyza in Ningxia on plant vegetable area from 2003 to 2004, mainly the following of result:1、 Through investigating the kinds discerning and the occurrence rule of Liriomyza in Ningxia, the result shows as following :It has already now found 4 kinds of kinds Liriomyzas of endangering the vegetables and flowers in Ningxia: Liriomyza satiuae, Liriomyza huidobrensis, Liromyza bryoniae, Liriomyza chinensis. The Liriomyza huidobrensis is first record species.2、 The biological characteristics and the growth and decline law of Liriomyza shows as following :Liriomyza chinensis takes place in the last ten days of April in onions field, rising gradually afterwards, taking place one heavily in mid-July.investigated that it is heaviest to endanger on July 29. the ovum, the larva ,pupa and development starting point temperature of the whole generation respectively are 8.5℃, 9.8℃, 10.2℃, 10.4℃ in cineraria, effective accumulated temperature 52.7、 75.8、 158.5、 262.2 d.℃ respectively. Liromyza satiuae takes place 7 generations one year in the fly on the melon leaf chrysanthemum. The development order of Liriomyza huidobrensis at the chrysanthemum, aster, cucumber, pea is cucumber >Aster > chrysanthemum> the pea, but the ascending to heaven and become immortal rate order is pea > chrysanthemum > aster > cucumber.3、 The result of investigation that space distribution of Liriomyza huidobrensis on the host plant Kidney bean shows as following :According to investigation result: Liriomyza huidobrensis distribution at the plant is basically minus 2 items distribution in broad bean. The whole of distribution type is a assembling type in broad bean.4、 The result of probing into the happening of mixed danger and the cure indicates as following :Ningxia investigation result shows: the quantity rotio of Liromyza satiuae, Liriomyza huidobrensis, Liromyza bryoniae is about 3:2:1, the index of mixure occurence prevent and cure is 1.5 / leaf.5、 The research result of Liriomyza satiuae pupa’s cold resistance shows as following :With the extension in duration and reducing of temperature, Liromyza satiuae pupa’s death rate rises, the survival rate reduced, when its survival rate is at 0%, thattemperature -15 X^. Proved that Liromyza satiuae pupa’s cold resistance is relatively strong in this area.6^ By researching the dangers an looses to the vegetable plum beans ,the result shows as following :Acording to the endangering area and photosynthesis index to analysis can receive the following conclusion. It is determined that the coefficient (R quare ) is: 0.98, proved that the significance is strong, regression equation is:Y=- 12.82-3.50X, +17.36X2-0.17X3 R2=0.984, F=21.093.更多还原