【作者】 宋亚瑞；

【导师】 宋华；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 化学工艺， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 高铁酸钾是绿色、无污染、高选择性和高活性的强氧化剂。本文研究了pH值、温度、介质、纯度以及Fe（Ⅲ）对高铁酸钾在水溶液中稳定性的影响。随着pH值的升高,高铁酸钾水溶液的稳定性增强。随着温度的升高,高铁酸钾水溶液的稳定性减弱。磷酸三钠、草酸钠、pH值为11.5的水溶液和醋酸钠对FeO₄^2-的稳定性的影响顺序为:磷酸三钠﹤草酸钠﹤pH值为11.5的水溶液﹤醋酸钠。三价铁离子的存在对高铁酸钾的稳定性有显著的影响,当溶液中三价铁离子的浓度与高铁酸钾的浓度比大于2 时,FeO₄^2-表现出极不稳定的特性。高铁酸钾的纯度对其稳定性有显著的影响,纯度越高,高铁酸钾的稳定性越好。对10mol·L^-1NaOH溶液中FeO₄^2-的分解反应动力学进行了研究。实验结果表明:FeO₄^2-的分解反应为一级反应,分解活化能Ea=58.81kJ·mol^-1,分解反应速率方程为: r=9.54×10⁴·exp（-58.81/RT）·C₍FeO₄^2-合成了Fe（Ⅳ）并研究了其氧化性和稳定性,Fe（Ⅳ）的氧化性低于Fe（Ⅵ）,其离子在水溶液中能够稳定存在。Fe（Ⅲ）对Fe（Ⅳ）的稳定性无显著影响。研究了环己烷作溶剂时用高铁酸钾氧化甲苯合成苯甲醛的反应,该反应的最佳反应条件为:反应温度T=30℃、反应时间t=7h、氧化剂高铁酸钾的加入量为化学反应理论氧化剂用量m=0.6589g;此时,甲苯的转化率、苯甲醛的选择性和产率分别为25%、78.4%、19.6%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Potassium ferrate, a new non-pollution green oxidant, has high selectivity and activity. The effect of pH、temperature、medium、pureness and Fe（Ⅲ） on stability of K₂FeO₄ in aqueous solution were studied in this text. Along with pH increasing, stability of K₂FeO₄ was strengthened. With rising in temperature, the stability of K₂FeO₄ was weakened. When a certain amounts of sodium acetate、sodium oxalate、sodium phosphate were added into the aqueous solution, stabilities of K₂FeO₄ follow the order :sodium phosphate < sodium oxalate<pH=11.5< sodium acetate, The Fe（Ⅲ） in the solution that will have a great effection on the stability of K₂FeO₄, when the concentration ratio of Fe （Ⅲ） and Fe（Ⅵ） is > 2,the stability of FeO42-is very bad. And the pureness of K₂FeO₄ also affects the stability of K₂FeO₄ evidently. The higher the pureness,the better the stability. The decomposition kinetics of FeO₄^2- in 10mol·L^-1NaOH solution was studied. The experimental results showed that the decomposition reaction rate equation was first order reaction, the reaction activity energy was 58.81kJ ·mol^-1, and the decomposition reaction rate equation could be described as: r=9.54×10⁴·exp（-58.81/RT）·C_FeO4^2-Fe（Ⅳ） was synthesized in experiment,its oxidation ability is weaker than Fe（Ⅵ）, Fe（Ⅳ） is stable in the aqueous solution. The effect of Fe（Ⅲ） on the stability of Fe（Ⅳ） aqueous solution were not markedly. Benzaldehyde was synthesized by green Fe（Ⅵ） oxidant from toluene in cyclohexane and the optimum reaction conditions were determined:reaction temperature 30℃, reaction time 7 hours, amount of oxidant is the amount of theoretical reaction requirement （m= 0.6589g）. At the optimum condition, the conversion of the toluene, the selectivity and yield of the benzaldehyde are 25%, 78.4% and 19.6%, respectively.更多还原