【作者】 蒋巍；

【导师】 蒋明虎；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 化工过程机械， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 水力旋流器自20世纪80年代末开始在国内出现,是一种离心分离装置,是利用不互溶介质间的密度差而进行离心分离的。在20世纪60年代旋流器发展成为主要的处理设备,用于矿砂的筛选及分级等。　近二十年来,水力旋流器的用途也由主要进行固-液分离扩展到不互溶介质的液-液分离、液-液-固分离及气-液-固三相分离等。我国许多油田也在积极地进行水力旋流器的试验与应用于采油废水的固液分离和油水分离的研究,并已显示出良好的前景。由于水力旋流器内部液流高速旋转产生的离心加速度为重力加速度的几百倍以上,因此可极大改善处理效果,降低后续处理难度。尽管对旋流分离技术的研究不断深入,但将水力旋流器用于细小颗粒分离仍处于探索和发展阶段。目前,含油污泥的处理一直困扰着各大油田,研究出高效的细颗粒分离水力旋流器成为一种很有潜力的研究方向。 本论文结合油田生产实际情况,设计和制造几组固-液水力旋流器样机,在室内实验台对固-液水力旋流器进行分离性能的研究,并在实验中对旋流腔长度、锥度、溢流口直径及溢流管伸入长度等相关部件结构参数进行优选。在实验的基础上,通过对实验数据的整理,结合理论分析,确定合理的结构方案,同时分析了流量 Qi、分流比F 对压力降Δp 的影响,确定合理的操作参数。利用 Fluent　流体动力学软件,针对新型固-液水力旋流器的主体结构形式,基于 Standard k- e 模型对内部流场的压力分布、速度分布和流体流动情况进行了模拟分析。同时在大庆油田开展了水力旋流器用于分离细颗粒的现场实验研究工作。通过现场实验来验证所设计的新型固-液水力旋流器具有良好的分离性能。实验表明,该型旋流器在颗粒粒径小、密度差低等不利条件下,仍可获得较为理想的处理效果,在处理量为 3.48m3/h 时,分流比为 10%,脱水率可达 92%以上。 本课题对这部分工作的研究将为新型固-液水力旋流器的应用奠定一定的基础,从而拓宽了固-液水力旋流器的应用领域(如用于除泥),这将为固-液分离用水力旋流器性能的提高、使这一技术在油田现场的推广应用、提高油田开采的经济效益做出贡献。更多还原

【Abstract】 The hydrocyclone is a kind of centrifugal separation facility, which utilizes the density difference of immiscible phases and which started at the end of 1980’s in China. In 1960s hydrocyclones were developed to be main separation device and were mainly used for filtrating and grading of mining sand. Since 1980s, the application of hydrocyclones has been extended from solid-liquid separation to immiscible liquid-liquid separation, liquid-liquid-solid separation and gas-liquid-solid separation, etc. The experimental research and the application research for solid-liquid separation and oil-water separation of oilfield waste water are being carried out right now in many oilfields in China. The hydrocyclone has shown very brilliant outlook. As the centrifugal acceleration produced by high revolving movement inside the hydrocyclone is several hundred times of the gravity acceleration, it can improve treating result to a great extent, and reduce the treating difficulty of its following facilities. Although the research of the hydrocyclone has been carrying out continuously, it can not be effectively used for the separation of fine particles. In this paper, combining with oil-field actual situation, a series of solid-liquid hydrocyclones were designed and manufactured. The research of separation characteristics was carried out. The important structure of solid-liquid hydrocyclone was chosen through the experiment, Combined with theory analysis and arranged data, the reasonable structure parameters of new-style solid-liquid hydrocyclone were determined. And the effect of flow rate Qi and split ratio F on pressure drop was analyzed in order that the reasonable operation parameters were determined. By utilizing Fluent software and focusing on the prototype’s main structure, its pressure and velocity distribution and the flow path line are simulated based on Standard k- e model. In addition, oilfield experimental work of the hydrocyclone for separating fine particles was carried out in Daqing Oilfields. The experiments showed that this hydrocyclone could obtain a better result under some bad condition such as smaller particle size and lower density difference. When flow rate Qi was 3.48m3/h, split ratio F was 10%, the highest dehydration rate could be up to 92%. The application of hydrocyclone for fine particle is provided in this research. So the application territory of solid-liquid hydrocyclone is enlarged. This will contribute to improving hydrocyclone characteristics and using widely hydrocyclones in oilfield.更多还原