【作者】 张国辉；

【导师】 何瑞国；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文就饲料蛋白质水平和维生素E对黄鳝繁殖性能（包括性腺系数、个体绝对繁殖力、个体相对繁殖力、产卵量、产卵力、孵化率以及仔鱼质量等）的影响进行了研究,并研究了亲鳝的蛋白质和维生素E最适营养需要量。试验都采用单因子梯度设计。试验一中蛋白质设6个梯度,分别为Ⅰ 25%、Ⅱ 30%、Ⅲ35%、Ⅳ40%、Ⅴ 45%、Ⅵ50%;试验二中维生素E设6个梯度,分别为Ⅰ 0mg·kg^-1、Ⅱ 50 mg·kg^-1、Ⅲ 125mg·kg^-1、Ⅳ 200 mg·kg^-1、Ⅴ 275mg·kg^-1、Ⅵ 350 mg·kg^-1。试验鱼被分成6组,每组设3个重复,每个重复15尾鱼,分别进行165d和175d饲养试验。试验结果如下: 1、随饲料中蛋白质水平的升高,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组雌鳝个体绝对繁殖力、产卵量、孵化率以及仔鱼增重和成活率显著升高（P<0.05）,Ⅴ、Ⅵ组则显著降低（P<0.05）,其中Ⅳ组雌鳝个体绝对繁殖力、产卵量、孵化率、仔鱼增重和成活率最高,显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅵ组（P<0.05）;而各组雌鳝性腺系数、个体相对繁殖力、卵径等指标差异不显著（P>0.05）。 2、随饲料中蛋白质水平的提高,各处理组雌鳝试验末体重差异显著（P<0.05）,且变化趋势与各组雌鳝卵巢重、个体绝对繁殖力和产卵量相同,这表明雌鳝个体绝对繁殖力和产卵量的提高可能与雌鳝体重增加有关。 3、统计分析结果表明,各组平均每尾雌鳝第一批繁殖力在个体绝对繁殖力中所占的比例以第Ⅳ组最高,说明40%蛋白质水平能促进卵巢发育,促进卵子成熟。 4、随饲料中V_E含量的增加,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组雌鳝性腺系数、产卵力、孵化率以及仔鱼质量显著提高（P<0.05）,Ⅴ、Ⅵ组则提高不显著（P>0.05）;其中Ⅳ组雌鳝性腺系数、产卵力、孵化率以及仔鱼增重和成活率显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（P<0.05）,而与Ⅴ、Ⅵ组之间则差异不显著（P>0.05）。 5、随饲料中V_E含量的升高,各处理组亲鳝卵中的V_E含量明显升高,即卵中V_E的含量反映了饲料中V_E的含量。 6、雌鳝卵巢中SOD活性,Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组比Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组显著低（P<0.05）,相应地,Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组MDA含量显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组（P<0.05）。Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组雌鳝,虽然其卵巢中SOD活性较高,但因饲料中抗氧化性的V_E缺乏或不足,引发卵子脂质过氧化,MDA含量显著升高（P<0.05）,导致卵质低下,从而影响了卵子更多还原

【Abstract】 This study investigated the effects of dietary protein level and vitamin E on the reproductive performance of Monopterus albus, including gonadosomatic index(GSI), absolute fecundity, relative fecundity, spawning quantity, spawning performance, hatching rate and larval quality, and determined the dietary protein and vitamin E optimum requirements of broodstock Monopterus albus. Two series of experiments were conducted with One-Way grads design. In cultured trial-1, six isocaloric(16 MJ kg~-1) diets containing Ⅰ 25%, Ⅱ30%, Ⅲ35%, Ⅳ40%, Ⅴ45% and Ⅵ50% crude protein were prepared. The diets were fed to broodfish reared to satiation once a day for 165 days. In feeding trial-2, six diets containing Ⅰ 0mg·kg~-1, Ⅱ50mg·kg~-1, Ⅲ125mg·kg~-1, Ⅳ200mg·kg~-1, Ⅴ275mg·kg~-1 and Ⅵ350 mg·kg~-1 dietary vitamin E were used. The diets were fed to broodfish reared to satiation once a day for 175 days. Female broodstocks were divided into six treatments with triplicate groups, which was the same as cultured trial-1. The experimental results were as follows.1. The results showed that the absolute fecundity, spawning quantity, hatching rate, larval weight gain and survival rate of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly increased with an increase in the protein levels in broodstock diets(P<0.05), and those of groups Ⅴ and Ⅵ were significantly decreased(P<0.05). The absolute fecundity, spawning quantity, hatching rate, larval weight gain and survival rate of group Ⅳ were significantly higher than those of groups Ⅰ ,Ⅱ and Ⅵ(P<0.05). The GSI, relative fecundity and egg diameter of each groups were not significantly different(P>0.05).2. Synchronously, final body weight of female broodstocks of each groups was significantly different(P<0.05), and ovary weight, absolute fecundity and spawning quantity followed similar trends as final body weight, which showed that the increase of absolute fecundity and spawning quantity was possibly associated with the weight gain of female rice field eels.3. The analysis showed that the first fecundity/absolute fecundity ratio per female was highest from females fed with 40% protein, which revealed that 40% dietary protein possibly promoted the ovary development and egg maturation.4. The results showed that the GSI, spawning performance, hatchability and larval quality of groups I , II, III and IV were significantly increased with the improvement of VE concentration in diets (PO.05), and those of groups V and VI were increased, but no significant difference(P>0.05). The GSI, spawning performance, hatchability, larval weight gain and survival rate of group IV were significantly higher than those of groups I , II, III(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference among groups IV, V, VI(P>0.05).5. The results indicated that vitamin E concentration of egg was increased with the increase in dietary vitamin E concentration. Vitamin E concentrations in eggs reflected dietary vitamin E concentration and ranged from 207.41 mg-kg"1 dry matter( I ) to 295.16 mg-kg’1 dry matter(VI)(P<0.05).6. The SOD activities in ovaries of groups IV, V and VI were significantly lower than those of groups I , II and III(P<0.05), and MDA contents of groups IV, V and VI were also significantly lower than those of groups I , II and III(P<0.05). Though the SOD activities in ovaries of groups I , II and III were high, peroxidation still took place because of deficiency in Ve, so MDA contents in ovaries of groups I , II and III were high, resulting in very low hatchability of groups I , II and III.7. In summary, optimum level of protein in broodstock diets has been shown to readily mend the growth, greatly improve absolute fecundity, spawning quantity and larval quality, which in turn significantly improve reproductive performance of Monopterus albus. The performance was found to be best with an increase in dietary protein level up to 40%, as group IV.8. This experiment demonstrated that Ve supplemented in the diet of female broodstock could improve the reproductive performance of Monopterus albus. It also indicated that vitamin E optimal supplementation of Monopterus albus was 200mg-kg"’ in broodstock diet.更多还原