【作者】 吕进宏；

【导师】 马立保； 刘华贵；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验采用北京油鸡1日龄北京油鸡320只,比较了同种营养水平(中营养水平)笼养与散养方式下北京油鸡生长性能和肉质的不同特点以及笼养方式下三种营养水平(高、中、低)的北京油鸡生长性能和肉质的差异,试验结果如下: 散养组末重、平均日增重、料肉比和平均耗料量显著低于笼养组(P<0.05);全净膛重与胸肌率:散养组低于笼养组,差异显著(P<0.05)。散养组腹脂率极显著低于笼养组(P<0.01)。全净膛率、腿肌率,皮脂厚度:两组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。笼养组水分含量显著高于散养组(P<0.05);烹煮损失和剪切力值:笼养组极显著的低于散养组(P<0.01)。笼养组肌纤维密度显著高于散养组(P<0.05);散养组牛磺酸含量极显著高于笼养组(P<0.01)。肌苷酸和校正肌苷酸含量:散养组显著高于笼养组(P<0.05)。影响鸡肉滋味的两种游离氨基酸即天门冬氨酸,谷氨酸的含量和游离必需氨基酸含量散养组高于笼养组,天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸的含量两组之间差异显著(P<0.05),游离必需氨基酸含量之间差异极显著(P<0.01);两组之间肌肉中总游离氨基酸含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合各项指标,散养组北京油鸡的肉质优于笼养组。 不同营养水平组的北京油鸡末重和平均日增重随营养水平的上升而显著增大(P<0.05),而平均耗料量和料肉比则是随营养水平的上升而显著减少(P<0.05);高营养水平组的全净膛重显著高于低营养水平组(P<0.05),与中营养水平组差异不显著(P>0.05)。腹脂率随营养水平的上升而显著上升(P<0.05)。中营养水平组胸肌率显著高于其它两组(P<0.05)。全净膛率、水分含量和皮脂厚度:各营养水平组之间差异均不显著(P>0.05);高营养水平组的烹煮损失和剪切力值显著的低于其它两组(P<0.05),中营养水平组与低营养水平组差异不显著(P>0.05)。高营养水平组肌纤维密度极显著的高于其它两组(P<0.01);中营养水平组的牛磺酸含量,肌苷酸和校正肌苷酸含量显著高于其它两组(P<0.05);天门冬氨酸:中营养水平组和低营养水平组极显著高于高营养水平组(P<0.01),中营养水平组显著高于低营养水平组(P<0.05)。中营养水平组谷氨酸显著高于其它两组(P<0.05)。游离必需氨基酸含量:高营养水平组极显著高于中营养水平组(P<0.01),低营养水平组与其它两组之间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。总游离氨基酸含量则是高营养水平组显著高于中营养水平组(P<0.05),低营养水平组与其它两组之间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综合各项指标,本试验从生长性能、屠宰性能、剪切力值、肌纤维密度,总游离氨基酸和游离必需氨基酸来看,高营养水平组较其它两组为好;而从牛磺酸、肌苷酸、校正肌苷酸、氨基酸中的天冬氨酸和谷氨酸分析,中营养水平组肉质要优于其它营养组。更多还原

【Abstract】 The 320 one-day-old Beijing Fatty chickens were conducted to find out the effects of feeding manners and nutrient levels on the growth performance and meat quality of Beijing Fatty Chicken. The experiments were designed, in which two feeding manners (cage and grazing) and three nutrient levels (high,medium,low), were taken into account. All the results were as followed:The grazing group were higher than the cage group in final weight, GW, in the intake feed and F/G; Eviscerated carcass weight and breast muscle rate: the grazing group was lower than the cage group. There were significantly different (P<0.01) in the abdominal fat rate. The results of eviscerated carcass rate, leg muscle rate and sebum depth were not significant (P>0.05). Water content in the cage group were higher than the grazing group (P<0.05); In the lose of cooking and the shearing stress, the grazing group was higher than the cage group (P<0.01); There were significantly different (P<0.05) in the density of muscle fiber between the two groups; The content of taurine,inosinicacid and corrective inosinicacid, the grazing group were higher than the cage group. It were significantly different (P<0.05) in the inosinicacid and corrective inosinicacid. The effects were extremely significantly different (P<0.01) in the content of taurine. In grazing group, the content of aspartic acid and glutamic acid, influencing the meat taste, and free essential amino acid (FEAA) were all higher than the cage group. It were significantly different (P<0.05) in the content of aspartic acid and glutamic acid. The effect in FEAA were extremely significantly different (P<0.01). There was significantly different (P<0.05) in the free TAA(FTAA). In conclusion, inthis trial on two feeding manners, the grazing group had relatively better effects.The results also showed that the final weight and GW increased through the improvement of the nutrient levels, but the intake feed and F/G would decrease with the nutrient levels increasing (P<0.05). The eviscerated carcass weight with the high level was higher than the other group and it was significantly different (P<0.05) between high level and low level(P<0.05).The medium level group was higher than the other two groups in the breast muscle rate. The abdominal fat rate increased through the improvement of the nutrient levels. There were not significant (P>0.05) in the eviscerated carcass rate, the water content, sebum depth and leg muscle rate. As to the shearing stress and the lose of cooking, the high level group was higher than the other two groups. There was not significantly different between the medium and lower level group. There were extremely significantly different (P<0.01) in the content of density of muscle fiber. The content of taurine,inosinicacid and corrective inosinicacid, the medium group was higher than the other group(P<0.05).; The tests also indicated that the content of aspartic acid and glutamic acid with the medium level group were biggest than the other groups. To the aspartic acid, it was extremely significantly different (P<0.01) between the medium level, the low level group and high level group. The content of aspartic with medium level was also higher than the low level group (P<0.05). The content of glutamic was the highest in medium level group and lowest in high level group. There was significantly different (P<0.05) between the medium level and low level, high level group; The results also suggested that the content of free essential amino acid (FEAA) and free total amino acid (FTAA) with the high level group were the highest in the three group , the medium level group being the lowest. As to FEAA, it was extremely significantly different (P<0.01) between the medium level and high level group, and significantly different (P<0.05) in the content of FTAA between high level and medium. Therefore, considered from the growth performance, density of muscle fiber, FEAA and FTAA, the meat quality with high level was better than the medium and low level group, while it would be conclude that the meat with medium level group was the best from the content of taurine, inosinicacid, corrective inosinicacid, aspartic and glutamic.更多还原