【作者】 刘振利；

【导师】 彭健；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 动物遗传育种与繁殖， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本课题对进一步提高双低菜粕用于单胃动物猪和肉鸡的营养价值和饲养效果进行了系统研究。通过猪的饲养试验和屠宰试验,研究了双低菜粕型生长肥育猪日粮适宜的可消化赖氨酸水平;探讨了用甜菜碱提高双低菜粕型日粮能量有效利用的效果。通过用代谢试验和饲养试验确定了双低菜粕在肉鸡日粮中用量和适宜能量水平。结果如下: 1.采用二因系统分组设计,研究了双低菜粕型生长肥育猪日粮适宜的可消化赖氨酸水平,有效控制了硫苷在体内的毒性作用。利用彭健(1999b)双低菜粕赖氨酸回肠表观消化率测定结果,试验设置了三个可消化赖氨酸水平(分别为NRC(1998)推荐量的100%、112%和118%,生长期为:0.77%,0.86%,0.91%;肥育期为:0.61%,0.68%,0.72%),每个可消化赖氨酸水平接受A、B两种抗菌素组合处理。结果表明,在生长期(30kg-60kg),NRC(1998)推荐的可消化赖氨酸水平(0.77%)不能满足此阶段猪最快生长速度,当可消化赖氨酸水平提高到112%～118%(0.86%～0.91%)时可获得较好的生产成绩(平均日增重为769g～800g);而在肥育期(30kg-60kg),随着可消化赖氨酸水平的提高,试验猪生长性能反而降低(827g VS 790g VS 750g),说明此阶段NRC(1998)推荐的水平(0.61%)是适宜的。试验选用的A、B两种抗菌素组合均有效地控制了腹泻现象的发生,而抗菌素B效果更好(P<0.05)。试验结果证实:用可消化氨基酸配合双低菜粕日粮时可以获得较好的生产性能和经济效益;采用合适的抗菌素可以有效抑制硫苷在动物体内的降解和毒性。 2.通过饲养试验和屠宰试验,研究了甜菜碱作为能量调节剂的作用效果。参照NRC(1998)推荐量和试验1结论确定日粮消化能(DE)和可消化赖氨酸水平,以玉米—豆粕日粮为正对照组,即试验1组(30kg-60kg阶段DE为13.9MJ/kg;60kg-100kg阶段DE为13.8MJ/kg),用不同比例的双低菜粕(30kg-60kg阶段:10%,12.5%;60kg-100kg阶段:15.5%,16%)等氮替代正对照组日粮中的豆粕,使日粮消化能值分别比正对照组降低100 kcal/kg和150 kcal/kg,从而形成负对照组1组(第2组)和负对照组2组(第4组),在2个负对照日粮中分别添加0.1%甜菜碱,形成第3组和第5组。体重达到100kg体重时每组随机选取4头猪(2公、2母)进行屠宰测定。试验结果表明,第2组、第4组与正对照组之间胴体背膘厚、瘦肉率没有显著差异(P>0.05),而第3组、第5组与第1组相比显著降低了胴体背膘厚(P<0.05);与能值降低100Mcal/kg的组相比,降低背膘厚这种效果在能值降低150Mcal/kg的组中更加明显(P=0.101)。说明甜菜碱可以作为能量调节剂来改善双低菜粕型低能值日粮的应用效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 The objective of this study was to improve the nutritive and feeding value of double-low rapeseed meal(DLRM) inclusion in diets for pigs and broilers. A feeding trial and slaughtering trial were conducted to determine the appropriate digestible Lysine level of DLRM-based diet for grower-finisher pigs, and to examine the effect of betaine on the improvement of available energy of the DLRM-based diets. The metabolism and growth trail with broilers was conducted to study both the optimum adding level of DLRM and favorable energy level of DLRM-based diets. The following are the results:1. The two factors system design was conducted to investigate the appropriate digestible Lysine level of DLRM-based diet for grower-finisher pigs and the appropriate antibiotics to control the potential toxic effect derived from glucosinolates. Based on the apparent ileal digestibility of lysine testing from Pengjian( 1999b), the experiment has arranged three available digestible Lysine levels (100%, 112% and 118% of the levels recommended by NRC, 1998 respectively, ), and the content of digestible lysine is 0.77%, 0.86%, 0.91% for growing phase and 0.61%, 0.68%, 0.72% for finishing phase. Each digestible lysine level was arranged with the antibiotics combinations A and B. The results indicated that during the growing phase(30~60kg) the level (0.77%) recommended by NRC (1998) can not meet the requirement of digestible lysine for the maximum growth potential. Better performance(ADG of 769~800g ) could be obtained by increase the digestible lysine level to 112%~118%(0.86%~0.91%) of diets.During finishing phase(60~ 100kg), however, with the increases in the digestible Lysine level, the growth performance of pigs decreased (827g vs 790g vs 750g), which has confirmed that during finishing period, the level (0.61%) recommended by NRC (1998) is appropriate. The two different antibiotics combinations A and B both can effectively control the diarrhea, and antibiotic B is better (P<0.05). The results confirmed that better growth performance and economic profit could be obtained by feeding double-low rapeseed meal-based diet formulated by digestible Lysine index, appropriate and appropriate bacteriophage additive could effecttively control the transformation of glucosinolate and the potential toxicity in vivo.2. a feeding and slaughtering trial were conducted to evaluate the effect of the betaine as an energy modifier. Digestible energy(DE) and lysine level were established based on the level recommended by NRC(1998) and the result of experiment l.Diet 1 based on corn-soybean meal was used as the positive control(DE is 13.9MJ/kg for 30kg~60kg and13.8MJ/kg for 60kg~100kg ), using different proportions of DLRM(10% and 12.5% for 30kg~60kg, 15.5% and 16% for 60~100kg) on an iso-nitrogen basis to replace the soybean meal in diet 1, formed the negative control 1 (deit 2) and 2(deit 4), whose digestible energy is decreased by 100kcal/kg and 150kcal/kg compared to the positive control, respectively. The two negative controls supplemented with 0.1% betaine formed diets 3 and 5. At the body weight of 100kg, 4 pigs(2 male and 2 female) from each diet were randomly selected to slaughter. The results indicated that no significant difference in backfat depth and fat:lean was observed among pigs on diets 2 , 4 and l(P>0.05), but pigs on diets 3 and 5 both had a decreased backfat depth in comparison to those on diet l(P<0.05). The effect of reduction in fat:lean was more obvious in diet whose energy was decreased 150kcal/kg than in diet whose energy was decreased 100kcal/kg(P=0.101). In a result, the betaine as an energy modifier was effective in the improvement of feeding value of double-low rapeseed’s low available energy diet.3. The study established the appropriate adding level of double-low rapeseed meal in broiler diet. Using DLRM on an iso-nitrogen basis to replace soybean meal in the control(corn-soybean meal based diet), formed 5 diets, the replacement ratio of soybean meal was 0, 25%, 37.5%, 50%, 62.5% during weeks 0-3, and 0, 37.5% , 50%, 62.5%, 75% during weeks 4-6. the results showed that growth performance and economic profit of pigs on DLRM based diets than those on corn-soybean meal based diet. Higher weight gain(1902g vs 1844g, P<0.05) and more economic profit( 0.51 yuan more per )could be obtained in the replacement ratio of 37.5% during growing phase 1 (weeks 0 -3) and 50.0% in growing phase 2 (weeks 4-6). Even when the replacment proportion increases to 62.5% during growing phase 1 (weeks 0 -3), and to 75.0% during growing phase 2(weeks 4 -6), the growth and feeding efficiency were not effected(P>0.05).The above results indicated that DLRM is the excellent protein resource in the broiler diet.4. The study established the apropriate energy requirement of DLRM-based diet for broilers. Keeping the same replacement ratio of soybean meal by DLRM on an iso-nitrogen and the ratio of protein:energy in each trial groulp(the replacement ratio and protein:energy were 50% and 72.5g/Mcal for weeks 0-3, and 62.5% and 63.3 g/Mcal for weeks4~6 ). 4 trial diets were formulated to metabolizable energy 2.7Mkcal/kg, 2.8Mkcal/kg, 2.9Mkcal/kg , 3.0Mkcal/kg and crude protein 19.57%, 2.92%, 21.00%, 21.7% for weeks 0~3, and metabolizable energy 2.8Mkcal/kg, 2.9Mkcal/kg , 3.0Mkcal/kg, 3.1Mkcal/kg, and crude protein 17.72%, 18.35%, 19.00%, 19.62% for weeks 4-6. The results indicated that during phase 1 (weeks 0-3), the weight gain increases(430g vs 533g vs 542g vs 55 lg) with the increase of the diet density. While during phase 2 (weeks 4-6), In the energy level ranged from 2.8Mkcal/kg to 3.0Mkcal/kg, the weight gain(1107g vs 1426g vs 1446g) increases with the increase of the energy density. When the metabolisable energy was beyond 3.0Mkcal/kg , the weght gain decreased(1431g). Weighing the performance and economic profit, the most appropriatemetaboliazable energy level of double-low rapeseed-based diet for broiler is 2.8-3.0Mcal/kg for weeks 0-3, and 2.9-3.0Mcal/kg for weeks 4-6.更多还原