【作者】 姚英娟；

【导师】 薛东；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验研究了21种具有杀虫活性的植物4种溶剂的提取物对储粮主要害虫玉米象Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky和印度谷螟Plodia interpunctella Hübner的驱避和触杀作用。结果表明:高良姜石油醚提取物、黄姜丙酮提取物和山鸡椒石油醚提取物对玉米象成虫的驱避作用显著,处理60h平均驱避等级均达到Ⅴ级,平均驱避率分别为80.02%、80.60%和81.70%。A和巴豆的4种溶剂提取物均对玉米象成虫触杀作用明显,7.86mg/cm²的剂量处理96h后玉米象成虫的校正死亡率均达到90.00%以上。在本研究中,未筛选出对印度谷螟成虫具有明显驱避作用和对印度谷螟幼虫具有明显触杀作用的植物。 进一步研究A和巴豆4种溶剂提取物对玉米象成虫的毒力,结果表明:处理96h后,A4种溶剂提取物对玉米象成虫的毒力回归方程及LD₅₀分别为:无水乙醇提取物:y=4.37+2.13x,1.97mg/cm²;丙酮提取物:y=4.53+1.42x,2.14mg/cm²;乙酸乙酯提取物:y=4.52+2.10x,1.69mg/cm²;石油醚提取物:y=4.23+2.32x,2.15mg/cm²。巴豆4种溶剂提取物对玉米象成虫的毒力回归方程及LD₅₀分别为:无水乙醇提取物:y=4.43+2.31x,1.76m/cm²;丙酮提取物:y=4.72+2.12x,1.36 mg/cm²;乙酸乙酯提取物:y=4.57+1.89x,1.69mg/cm²;石油醚提取物:y=4.53+2.08x,1.68mg/cm²。 选用A4种溶剂提取物与储粮化学防护剂2.5%凯安保乳油按有效成分的不同比例进行混配,研究其联合毒力作用。结果表明:最佳配比分别为:无水乙醇提取物:凯安保=300∶1;丙酮提取物∶凯安保=150∶1;乙酸乙酯提取物∶凯安保=300∶1;石油醚提取物∶凯安保=150∶1;共毒系数分别为771.24、900.17、398.39和541.48。 用A粉、提取物、提取物与凯安保混配剂进行拌粮,研究对玉米象的防效。试验结果表明:A粉在8000 mg/kg稻谷处理浓度下,玉米象成虫的校正死亡率为39.67%,对F1代的种群抑制率为94.72%;A4种溶剂提取物对玉米象成虫及F1代均具有很明显的控制作用,其中以石油醚提取物的效果最明显,250mg/kg稻谷处理浓度下,玉米象成虫的校正死亡率为95.40%,对F1代的种群抑制率为100.00%;A4种溶剂提取物与凯安保的混配中,3种处理浓度中玉米象成虫的校正死亡率及F1代的种群抑制率均为100.00%,最佳浓度为提取物125mg/kg稻谷+2.5%凯安保乳油0.125mg/kg稻谷,化学防护剂可减少3/4用量。更多还原

【Abstract】 The repellent action and contact action of the extracts of 21 kinds of plants to Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky and Plodia interpunctella Hiibner were studied in this paper. The results showed that petroleum ether extract of Alpinia officinarum , acetone extract of Curcuma longa and petroleum ether extract of Litsea cubeba had obvious repellent action to Sitophilus zeamais M.. 60h after treatment, the average repellent action of the three extracts were all up to class V, and the average repellent rates were 80.02%, 80.60% and 81.70% respectively. All the extracts of A and Croton tiglium had obvious contact action to Sitophilus zeamais M.. 96h after treated by 7.86mg/cm², the corrected mortality were all above 90.00%. All the extracts did not have obvious repellent action or contact action to Plodia interpunctella H..All the extracts of A had good contact action to Sitophilus zeamais M.. 96h after treatment, the probability mortality regression lines and LD50 of ethanol extract, acetone extract, ethyl acetate extract, petroleum ether extract were: y=4.37+2.13x, 1.97mg/cm², y=4.53+1.42x, 2.14mg/cm², y=4.52+2.10x, 1.69mg/cm², y=4.23+2.32x and 2.15mg/cm² respectively. The extracts of Croton tiglium had obvious contact action to Sitophilus zeamais M. toa 96h after treatment, the probability mortality regression lines and LD₅₀ of ethanol extract, acetone extract, ethyl acetate extract, petroleum ether extract were: y=4.43+2.31x, 1.76mg/cm², y=4.72+2.12x, 1.36mg/cm², y=4.57+1.89x, 1.69mg/cm², y=4.53+2.08x, 1.68 mg/cm² respectively.The joint action of the mixtures of A extracts and K-Obiol were studied on Sitophilus zeamais M.. The results showed when the ratio of ethanol extract to K-Obiol was 300:1, the ratio of acetone extract to K-Obiol was 150:1, the ratio of ethyl acetate extract to K-Obiol was 300:1 and the ratio of petroleum ether extract to K-Obiol was 150:1 , the co-toxicity coefficient （CTC） of mixtures were the maximum. The CTC were 771.24, 900.17,398.39 and 541.48 respectively.A power, A extracts, the mixtures of A extracts and K-Obiol were mixed in rice to study their control effect to Sitophilus zeamais M..A power had some insecticidal activity. When treated with 8000 mg/kg, the corrected mortality was 39.67% and the inhibition rate to F1 progeny was 94.72%. All the A extracts had obvious action to Sitophilus zeamais M., and the petroleum ether extract was the best one. The corrected mortality and the inhibition rate to Fl progeny were 95.40% and 100.00% when treated with the petroleum ether extract under the dose of 250mg/kg. The mixtures of A extracts and K-Obiol had the most obvious action in all the treatments. The corrected mortality and the inhibition rate to Fl progeny were 100.00% in all the three concentrations. It could reducethe dose of chemical insecticide to 25%.更多还原