【作者】 邵玉娇；

【导师】 王学奎；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 植物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 以中油821、华双3号及北堡6号为供试材料,于开花期采用人工遮光处理（以全光照下的为对照）,并定期采样分析,初步探讨了光强对籽粒品质形成过程中几项生理指标的影响。结果表明: 1.光强越弱,三个品种角果的干重和鲜重值均越低。遮光使油菜角果干物质生产能力下降。 2.遮光对叶绿素合成有促进作用,但随着长期遮光,叶绿素含量降低。角果皮叶绿素a和叶绿素b（chla/chlb）比值随着光强的减弱而降低,而籽粒叶绿素a和叶绿素b比值随着光强的减弱而升高。 3.遮光对可溶性糖含量的影响很小。遮光后,籽粒和角果皮中的可溶性糖含量的最高值均降低了。 4.遮光不利于籽粒和角果发育后期角果皮的可溶性蛋白质的积累。 5.三个品种籽粒和角果皮总氮含量均随着光强的减弱而增加。但角果皮总氮含量的变化与籽粒的有所不同,三个品种处理Ⅰ（单层遮阳网）和对照的均随生育进程而降低,处理Ⅱ（双层遮阳网）的角果皮总氮含量却是随着生育进程而增加。 6.同一品种,种子形成后期光强越弱,籽粒含油量越低,粗蛋白含量越高。 7.同一品种,种子形成后期光强越弱,籽粒棕榈酸(C_16:0)含量越高,硬脂酸(C_18:0)含量越低。遮光明显降低前期（开花后28d前）籽粒C_18:0含量,却显著提高前期油酸(C_18:1)的含量。遮光对亚油酸(C_18:2)、亚麻酸(C_18:3)、廿碳烯酸(C_20:1)含量的影响很小。遮光有降低中油821硫甙含量和华双3号、北堡6号的芥酸含量的效应。 8.遮光降低了种子形成前期角果皮谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）的活性。遮光对发育中籽粒的GS活性影响有所不同,华双3号和北堡6号的GS活性遮光的略高于对照,中油821的GS活性变化是光强越弱,活性越低。更多还原

【Abstract】 Choosing Zhongyou 821 and Huashuang No. 3 and Beibao No. 6 as experiment materials, adopting artificial light-covered in the field, sampling and analyzing at fixed time of pod-growing phase. The paper made a preliminary discussion on the physiological effects of light density on the quality formation of rapeseed. The results showed that:1. The seed dry weight and fresh weight of the 3 cultivars decreased as the weakness of light strength. The potential of pod dry matter accumulation decreased by shading.2. Chlorophyll content increased after shading during the early developing stage of pericarp, but decreased after long-term shading. The ratio of chlorophyll a to b in pericarp decreased and that of seed increased with the weakness of light strength.3. Light density had little effect on the content of soluble sugar, but the maximum of soluble sugar content in pericarp and seed declined after shading.4. The content of soluble protein in seed and pericarp at the late development stage of pod decreased after covctinious shading.5. The total nitrogen content in seed and pericarp of the 3 cultivars increased with the weakness of light strength, but the total nitrogen in pericarp of treat I and control decreased and that of treat II increased during the pod developing.6. With the weakness of light strength, the oil content in each cultivar reduced, but the crude protein content increased at the late stage of seed development.7. In each cultivar, the palmitic acid (C_16:0) content of rapeseed increased and stearic acid (C_18:0) content reduced with the weakness of light strength at the mature stage of seed formation. Shading decreased the C_18:0 content and increased oleic acid (C_18:1) content at initial flowering stage obviously. Shading had little effect on the content of linoleic acid (C_18:2), linolenic acid (C_18:3)and arachidonic acid (C_20:1). Shading had an effect to lower the glucosinolate content in Zhongyou 821 and erucic acid （C221） content in Huashuang No. 3 and Beibao No. 6.8. The activities of glutamine syntheses （GS） in pericarp declined after shading at the early stage of seed development, but shading had different effect on that of seed. The GSactivities of Huashuang No. 3 and Beibao No. 6 was a little higher than that of the control after shading. The activities of GS of Zhongyou 821 declined with the weakness of light strength.9. With the weakness of light strength, the stem height and the site of branches increased. But stem width, length of main inflorescence, pods of main stem and branches decreased. Seeds and weight per pod and pods per plant decreased and the weight per thousand seeds increased after shading.更多还原