【作者】 王鑫厅；

【导师】 王炜；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古大学 ， 生态学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文将摄影技术与地理信息系统的原理方法结合起来,应用于种群空间分布格局的研究中,对处于不同恢复演替阶段的各种群,通过点格局、“空斑”面积、尺度密度函数分析,初步得出以下结论: 1、在应用尺度密度函数分析恢复演替过程中种群格局变化时,发现在尺度处于某一值域时,严重退化草原群落中草本植物种群密度会大于恢复及恢复演替过程中群落的种群密度。笔者称这一生态现象为“种群牧适现象”。推测其原因当为处于严重退化群落中的植物种群个体均已小型化,小型化个体的生态位收缩,种内竞争强度变小,个体间距也相应变小所致。 2、大针茅种群格局在恢复演替过程中经历了一个先增长最后趋于稳定的过程;羊草种群在恢复演替过程中经历了种群增长、种群自疏、最后趋于稳定的过程;米氏冰草种群在恢复演替过程中先自疏,在恢复的第6年以后逐步趋于稳定;小叶锦鸡儿种群在恢复21年后仍有增长的态势;对处于不同恢复演替阶段的糙隐子草种群格局分析表明,糙隐子草种群在恢复演替过程中种群衰退最后趋于稳定。 3、分析上述不同种群的初步结论,可以看出长期以来被认为是植物种群特征的空间分布格局在恢复演替过程中是变化的,由此表明植物种群空间分布格更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper studied the plant population’s spatial distribution pattern by means of the method, which contains both the camera work and theory-method of Geographical Information System. The point pattern, the area of "blank" and the density function of scale are analyzed in different restoring succession stages of every populations. Then the following conclusions can be drawn:1 When the change of population’s pattern in the course of restoring succession is analyzed with the density function of scale, it is discovered that the population density of the community on seriously degraded steppe is bigger than that in the course of restoring succession when the scale is under a certain value. Author calls the phenomenon "Population’s Adaption to Graze". Because the plant individual has miniaturized in the community on seriously degraded steppe, then intraspecific competition declines and distance among individuals diminishes accordingly.2 The Stipa grandis population’s pattern in different restoring succession stages is analyzed, and as a result I think in the process of restoring succession it experienced a course that the population increased and then became steady. The pattern of Leymuschinensis population in different restoring succession stages is discussed, from which a conclusion can be drawn that in the process of restoring succession Leymus chinensis population experienced the course of increasing decreasing itself and at last becoming steady. Based on the study of the Agropyron michnoi population’s pattern in different restoring succession stages, it indicates that Agropyron michnoi population decreased itself in the process of restoring succession and 6 years later became steady. According to the discussion on the pattern of different restoring succession stages, Caragana microphylla population still increases after it has restored for 21 years. After analyzing the Cleistogenes squarrosa population’s pattern, we can see that the Cleistogenes squarrosa population decreased and then became steady.3. Summing up the foregoing conclusions, we can come to the conclusion that the population’s spatial distribution pattern as a character of floral population changes in the course of restoring succession. So the population’s spatial distribution pattern is not caused by reproductive patterns, it is a character of different succession stages about community and depends on self-organizing among individuals.更多还原