软件测试度量的研究及其工具STMT开发

【作者】 李兴南；

【导师】 郝克刚；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 计算机软件与理论， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 软件测试作为软件开发过程的一个重要环节,其目的是尽可能发现被测试软件中的缺陷和错误,提高软件的质量和可靠性。但是,随着软件规模越来越大,复杂程度越来越高,软件测试也变得越来越复杂、测试过程越来越难于控制和管理,因此有必要在软件测试过程中引入度量技术,将测试过程很好的管理和控制起来。 软件度量作为软件工程的一个重要研究方向,它采用软件度量学的方法针对软件开发过程中的剖面数据进行分析、处理来加强项目开发管理、改进软件质量保证措施。一般情况,软件度量的主要流程是首先根据目标确定度量信息需要、并将其按权值大小进行排序;然后在信息需要的基础上计划度量,通过设计基本度量、派生度量,指示器来构造度量构造,通过分析指示器来得出决策用的信息产品;最后是评估度量和改进过程。在设计基本度量、派生度量、指示器时采用的度量方法主要有简单的数学方法如比率型方法、顺序型方法等,复杂的数学模型如线性回归法、多元回归方法等。软件测试度量作为软件度量的一个分支越来越受到学术界和企业界的重视,它采用软件度量的相关方法和技术对软件测试方面的相关属性进行度量。在测试过程中通过实施度量来收集、分析相关属性数据,规划当前的项目,增加项目控制的可视化程度。通过测试度量帮助人们认识和理解软件测试所处的位置和任务,标识出有待完善的区域,定量的衡量软件测试是否充分,定量的评价软件测试过程本身的质量,为软件测试的管理和决策提供信息。 现阶段软件测试度量还处于研究初期,国内外针对于测试方面的度量研究还比较少。本文在现有理论研究的基础上对软件测试度量进行了深入细致的研究,从度量信息需要的确定,度量计划的设计,到度量过程的实施等整个度量实施框架都提出了相应的理论观点和技术方法。本文中首先根据软件测试度量的研究现状,结合软件测试理论和软件度量理论,提出了“目标驱动的软件测试度量方法GSTM”;然后根据GSTM和软件测试的特殊目标对软件测试度量的信息需要进行了整理、分类;在度量信息需要研究的基础上研究了设计度量的相关方法,包括度量元的设计、裁剪、度量方法的设计和选取等。经过对软件测试度量方法的研究,提出了适合于设计基本度量的度量方法,提出了适合于设计派生度量的度更多还原

【Abstract】 Software test becomes more important as a step of software developing in recently. Software test is running a program. Its aim is to discover the defects in the software to improve the quality of software. Software test is very difficult and complex in the software life cycle. It play very important role in the quality assurance of software product.Software measure is the cross science of measurement science and software project. It is developing from applying the gently principles of measurement in software project. The purpose of software is to understand and model the software product, to manage the software project, to give director in software process improving, to improve the quality of software, to raise the productivity of software, to reduce the cost of software.In order to increase the efficiency of software development, low the cost and get in high software quality at the same time, they enthusiasm for more powerful process management tools. Software test measurement, plays a profound important role in this process. The software test measure specializes in software test process. It analysis the test process through implemented test measure and push out advice to improve the test process. According PSM we should first identify and prioritize the test measure information needs then create the measurement construct. After identified the information needs we should plan measurement. In the measurement plan step should select and specify measures then integrate the measurement approach into the project process. As the measurement’ plan is completed we should perform the measurement, and this time we should collect and process the data from the test process and analyze the data. And at last we make recommendations to improve the test process and evaluate measurement, hi the evaluate measurement step we first evaluate the measures then evaluate the measurement process, update the experience base.This paper includes research in test measurement major in identifyinginformation needs, specifying measures and analysis model of indictor. In this paper we first push out the goal-droved software test measurement method named GSTM. Basing the GSTM we classed the test measurement information needs into six classes. Basing on the information needs we push out method how to design the base measurement, derived measurement and indictor. When the construct of test measurement is complement we should perform the measurement according the framework of this paper pushed out. The framework of test measurement gives the directors to implementing the measurements. The last we develop a test measurement tool named STMT in Java language. We could implement the test measurement using the STMT.更多还原